Bork Group at EMBL Heidelberg (@borklab.bsky.social)

In our newest preprint, "Refined Enterotyping Reveals Dysbiosis in Global Fecal Metagenomes", @maelschermarisa.bsky.social analysed >16k human fecal samples to confirm the existence of three enterotypes in our guts and developed a better dysbiosis score based on the ETs www.biorxiv.org/cont... 1/2

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Refined Enterotyping Reveals Dysbiosis in Global Fecal Metagenomes Enterotypes describe human fecal microbiomes grouped by similarity into clusters of microbial community composition, often associated with disease, medications, diet, and lifestyle. Numbers and determinants of enterotypes have been derived by diverse frameworks and applied to cohorts that often lack diversity or inter-cohort comparability. To overcome these limitations, we selected 16,772 fecal metagenomes collected from 38 countries to revisit the enterotypes using state-of-the-art fuzzy clustering and found robust clustering regardless of underlying taxonomy, consistent with previous findings. Quantifying the strength of enterotype classifications enriched the enterotype landscape, also reflecting some continuity of microbial compositions. As the classification strength was associated with the patient’s health status, we established an “Enterotype Dysbiosis Score” (EDS) as a latent covariate for various diseases. This global study confirms the enterotypes, reveals a dysbiosis signal within the enterotype landscape, and enables robust classification of metagenomes with an online “Enterotyper” tool, allowing reproducible analysis in future studies. ![Figure][1]</img> ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. * AUC : Area under the curve CH-index : Calinski-Harabasz index DMM : Dirichlet multinomial mixtures EDS : Enterotype dysbiosis score FKM : Fuzzy K -means clustering glm : generalized linear model GTDB : Genome taxonomy database LASSO : Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator JSD : Jenson-Shannon divergence KEGG : Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes lmer : linear mixed effect model mOTU : marker gene-based operational taxonomic unit NCBI : National center for biotechnology information PAM : partition around medoid clustering PCA : Principal components analysis PCoA : Principal coordinate analysis PERMANOVA : permutational multivariate analysis of variance PHATE : Potential of heat-diffusion for affinity-based trajectory embedding UMAP : Uniform manifold approximation and projection XGBoost : Extreme gradient boosting [1]: pending:yes https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.13.607711v2.full