Silvia Paracchini (@silparacchini.bsky.social)

Non-invasive brain stimulation: current and future applications in neurology | Nature Reviews Neurology Device-based non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques show promise for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders, although inconsistencies in protocol designs and study findings can make the field difficult to navigate. In this Review, we discuss applications of NIBS for enhancing cognitive and motor function in people with various neurological diseases that are characterized by disruption of large-scale brain networks, including neurodegenerative diseases and brain lesion disorders such as stroke and traumatic brain injury. In particular, we focus on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electrical stimulation, as these techniques have been widely used in clinical settings and randomized controlled trials. We summarize and synthesize current knowledge, and highlight gaps and shortcomings in the existing research that make it difficult to draw firm conclusions, including small sample sizes, heterogeneous patient populations and variations i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-025-01137-z