ECFR MENA
@ecfrmena.bsky.social
📤 592
📥 111
📝 433
Middle East and North Africa Programme
@ecfr.eu
https://ecfr.eu/privacy/#social-media-profiles
✍️ The sweeping powers of the Board of Peace and the sidelining of Palestinian decision-making and sovereignty risk shaping Gaza’s institutions, legal system and economy according to external, rather than Palestinian, interests, writes
@boppenheim.bsky.social
buff.ly/5LrYJ1R
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Taming Trump’s Gaza plan: A European-Arab initiative for lasting peace – European Council on Foreign Relations
The UN Security Council has passed a resolution to enact Trump’s Gaza plan. To sustain the fragile ceasefire, Europeans need to work with Arab partners to imple
https://buff.ly/5LrYJ1R
1 day ago
0
1
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🌟As 2025 draws to a close, it's time to review this year's
@ecfr.eu
analysis on the Middle East & North Africa, from ways forward in Gaza after a ceasefire, to Syria's political transition, regional escalation risks post-12 Day War and energy politics across the region.🧵👇
4 days ago
1
1
1
🎧 Following early December's Doha Forum, Mark Leonard brings together Ellie Geranmayeh and
@hlovatt.bsky.social
to discuss the geopolitical changes and diplomatic efforts shaping Middle Eastern politics, from Gaza's fragile future and Iran's nuclear conundrum.
ecfr.eu/podcasts/epi...
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After Doha: What’s next for the Arab world? – European Council on Foreign Relations
Mark Leonard welcomes Ellie Geranmayeh and Hugh Lovatt, fresh from the Doha Forum, to unravel the geopolitical changes and diplomatic efforts shaping Middle Eas
https://buff.ly/MuC1UEU
15 days ago
0
2
1
🎙️ On the latest Arab Digest podcast episode,
@kellyp90.bsky.social
discusses the challenges facing refugees and IDPs in Syria, Sudan and Palestine 👇
podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/m...
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Migrants, IDPs and the Middle East
Podcast Episode · Arab Digest podcasts · 17/12/2025 · 27m
https://buff.ly/0xNFaci
17 days ago
0
1
1
Reminder to join Atlantic Council Middle East's virtual conversation on European and US approaches to MENA this afternoon (14:00 London/15:00 Berlin) featuring
@jbdacey.bsky.social
👇
www.atlanticcouncil.org/event/europe...
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European and US approaches to MENA: Convergences and divergences
A discussion examining how European and US strategies toward the Middle East and North Africa converge and diverge amid shifting global dynamics and regional challenges.
https://buff.ly/gQGRHTb
17 days ago
0
0
0
reposted by
ECFR MENA
Dr Cinzia Bianco
18 days ago
Iran is literally running out of water - a major emergency. My
@ecfrmena.bsky.social
paper says how European actors can actively and operationally support effective environmental cooperation between Iran and Gulf Arab states — linking climate adaptation with regional stability:
tinyurl.com/3z7v5sey
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A new climate for peace: How Europe can promote environmental cooperation between the Gulf Arab states and Iran
European policymakers should back climate diplomacy to help improve relations between Iran and Gulf monarchies.
https://tinyurl.com/3z7v5sey
0
2
1
✍️ The sweeping powers of the Board of Peace and the sidelining of Palestinian decision-making and sovereignty risk shaping Gaza’s institutions, legal system and economy according to external, rather than Palestinian, interests, writes Beth Oppenheim
ecfr.eu/article/tami...
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Taming Trump’s Gaza plan: A European-Arab initiative for lasting peace | ECFR
The UN Security Council has passed a resolution to enact Trump’s Gaza plan. To sustain the fragile ceasefire, Europeans need to work with Arab partners to imple
https://buff.ly/5LrYJ1R
19 days ago
0
0
0
✍️ Rather than falling into passivity, Europeans must seize the initiative by working with Arab partners to shape US Gaza plans to ensure Palestinian ownership and a political track towards a two-state solution, writes Beth Oppenheim for
@ecfr.eu
ecfr.eu/article/tami...
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Taming Trump’s Gaza plan: A European-Arab initiative for lasting peace | ECFR
The UN Security Council has passed a resolution to enact Trump’s Gaza plan. To sustain the fragile ceasefire, Europeans need to work with Arab partners to imple
https://buff.ly/5LrYJ1R
22 days ago
0
2
5
✍️ The UNSC has passed a resolution to enact Trump’s Gaza plan. To sustain the fragile ceasefire, Europeans need to work with Arab partners to implement it in a way that addresses its flaws and secures Palestinian sovereignty, writes Beth Oppenheim
ecfr.eu/article/tami...
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Taming Trump’s Gaza plan: A European-Arab initiative for lasting peace | ECFR
The UN Security Council has passed a resolution to enact Trump’s Gaza plan. To sustain the fragile ceasefire, Europeans need to work with Arab partners to imple
https://buff.ly/5LrYJ1R
23 days ago
0
0
0
🗓️ Sign up for Atlantic Council Middle East's Transatlantic Project virtual panel event on 17th December (14:00 London/15:00 Berlin) on "European and US approaches to MENA: Convergences and divergences” featuring
@jbdacey.bsky.social
👇
www.atlanticcouncil.org/event/europe...
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European and US approaches to MENA: Convergences and divergences
A discussion examining how European and US strategies toward the Middle East and North Africa converge and diverge amid shifting global dynamics and regional challenges.
https://buff.ly/gQGRHTb
24 days ago
0
1
1
Glad to be represented at
#DohaForum2025
with a panel on new transatlantic ties and evolving global order. With
@ecfr.eu
's Majda Ruge, Fred Fleitz, Mabel Lu Miao and Ebtisam Alketbi, moderated by Robin Wright.
27 days ago
0
0
1
reposted by
ECFR MENA
ECFR
30 days ago
A year after Assad’s fall, Syria has undergone major transformations, but huge challenges remain. In ECFR's latest WOMENP episode, Ellie Geranmayeh interviews Minister Hind Kabawat on political reforms, security challenges, and what meaningful stability now requires.
ecfr.eu/podcasts/epi...
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One year after Assad: Syria’s struggle for security, recovery and reform
Ellie Geranmayeh speaks with Syrian minister Hind Kabawat about the country’s turbulent first year after Assad, the challenges ahead, and her push to bring more women into leadership during Syria’s…
https://ecfr.eu/podcasts/episode/one-year-after-assad-syrias-struggle-for-security-recovery-and-reform/
1
1
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reposted by
ECFR MENA
Hugh Lovatt
about 1 month ago
Political renewal is needed to argue Palestinian positions internationally, build consensus and apply pressure on actors that deviate from this. Until Palestinians have legitimate institutions that speak for them, some will be driven to violence to make themselves heard.
ecfr.eu/publication/...
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Averting West Bank collapse: How to revive Palestinian politics
Hollowed out by violent Israeli control and Mahmoud Abbas’s personal rule, the Palestinian Authority is losing its grip on the West Bank. European and Arab states must intervene to rebuild legitimate…
https://ecfr.eu/publication/averting-west-bank-collapse-how-to-revive-palestinian-politics/
0
7
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reposted by
ECFR MENA
✍️ A year after Assad's fall, Europe must engage more decisively and on a higher level with Syria, while Damascus should see the value of Europe’s offer alongside the contributions of other key international stakeholders, writes
@jbdacey.bsky.social
👇
karamshaar.com/syria-in-fig...
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External Contribution: Julien Barnes-Dacey, Director of the Middle East & North Africa programme at the European Council on Foreign Relations - Karam Shaar Advisory LTD
Europe and Syria’s Fragile Transition Europe has backed Syria’s transition with significant support, yet Damascus increasingly treats Europeans as an afterthought. This widening strategic gap…
https://buff.ly/DDCkSPp
about 1 month ago
0
1
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What does rebuilding Syria look like from inside the new government? On the WOMENP podcast, Minister Hind Kabawat—the only woman in the cabinet—discusses the country’s fragile transition and her mission to bring more women into positions of power.
ecfr.eu/podcasts/epi...
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about 1 month ago
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reposted by
ECFR MENA
Julien Barnes-Dacey
about 1 month ago
ECFR podcast with Syrian Minister Hind Kabawat as part of our ongoing Women of Middle East Network for Peacebuilding project - One year after Assad: Syria’s struggle for security, recovery and reform
@ecfr.eu
@ecfrmena.bsky.social
ecfr.eu/podcasts/epi...
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One year after Assad: Syria’s struggle for security, recovery and reform
Ellie Geranmayeh speaks with Syrian minister Hind Kabawat about the country’s turbulent first year after Assad, the challenges ahead, and her push to bring more women into leadership during Syria’s…
https://ecfr.eu/podcasts/episode/one-year-after-assad-syrias-struggle-for-security-recovery-and-reform/
1
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5
A year after Assad’s fall, Syria has undergone major transformations, but huge challenges remain. In ECFR's latest WOMENP episode, Ellie Geranmayeh interviews Minister Hind Kabawat about Syria's fragile transition and what meaningful stability now requires
ecfr.eu/podcasts/epi...
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One year after Assad: Syria’s struggle for security, recovery and reform | ECFR
Ellie Geranmayeh speaks with Syrian minister Hind Kabawat about the country’s turbulent first year after Assad, the challenges ahead, and her push to bring more
https://buff.ly/jdnEHMb
about 1 month ago
1
1
1
đź“°
@muhammadshehada.bsky.social
speaks to
@aljazeera.com
about Israel's continued killing and starvation in Gaza, as well as destruction of its infrastructure despite the ceasefire agreement 👇
www.aljazeera.com/features/202...
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Israel’s genocide in Gaza has not stopped, despite the ceasefire: Analysts
Analysts and a human rights group say Israel's genocide in Gaza has not stopped, despite the ceasefire.
https://buff.ly/E7q1r21
about 1 month ago
0
2
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đź“° For Formiche,
@cinziabianco.bsky.social
comments that Italian PM Melon's invitation to the GCC Summit should be read a strategic gesture from the Gulf aimed at encouraging more Italian involvement in the region 👇
formiche.net/2025/12/il-g...
about 1 month ago
0
1
1
reposted by
ECFR MENA
Julien Barnes-Dacey
about 1 month ago
Are Europeans prematurely taking their eye off Syria and does Damascus undervalue the European role? Some thoughts on evolving Euro-Syrian ties for the excellent monthly Syria in Figures by Karam Shaar Advisory
karamshaar.com/syria-in-fig...
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External Contribution: Julien Barnes-Dacey, Director of the Middle East & North Africa programme at the European Council on Foreign Relations - Karam Shaar Advisory LTD
Europe and Syria’s Fragile Transition Europe has backed Syria’s transition with significant support, yet Damascus increasingly treats Europeans as an afterthought. This widening strategic gap threaten...
https://karamshaar.com/syria-in-figures/europe-syria-transition-strategic-divide/
0
3
1
✍️ A year after Assad's fall, Europe must engage more decisively and on a higher level with Syria, while Damascus should see the value of Europe’s offer alongside the contributions of other key international stakeholders, writes
@jbdacey.bsky.social
👇
karamshaar.com/syria-in-fig...
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External Contribution: Julien Barnes-Dacey, Director of the Middle East & North Africa programme at the European Council on Foreign Relations - Karam Shaar Advisory LTD
Europe and Syria’s Fragile Transition Europe has backed Syria’s transition with significant support, yet Damascus increasingly treats Europeans as an afterthought. This widening strategic gap…
https://buff.ly/DDCkSPp
about 1 month ago
0
1
1
reposted by
ECFR MENA
ECFR
about 1 month ago
One year after Assad’s departure, Europe’s role in Syria remains vital—yet undervalued. Both sides must deepen strategic engagement to support stability, reform, and lasting recovery, writes
@jbdacey.bsky.social
karamshaar.com/syria-in-fig...
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External Contribution: Julien Barnes-Dacey, Director of the Middle East & North Africa programme at the European Council on Foreign Relations - Karam Shaar Advisory LTD
Europe and Syria’s Fragile Transition Europe has backed Syria’s transition with significant support, yet Damascus increasingly treats Europeans as an afterthought. This widening strategic gap threaten...
https://karamshaar.com/syria-in-figures/europe-syria-transition-strategic-divide/
0
2
1
✍️ The EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act could offer a useful framework for Europeans and Gulf partners to work together on AI development, write
@cinziabianco.bsky.social
& Herman Quarles for
@ecfrpower.bsky.social
buff.ly/fZmFYEq
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Trump’s AI thaw: How Europe and the Gulf can protect against American and Chinese tech pressure | ECFR
Recent changes in US policy have brought the US and Gulf states together again on AI—creating new openings for European decision-makers
https://buff.ly/fZmFYEq
about 1 month ago
0
2
1
✍️ Squeezed by a brutal occupation, the dysfunctionality of the PA and the broader political system is apparent to all and each want a different fix. What is often ignored in this is what Palestinians want.
@hlovatt.bsky.social
&
@tahanimustafa.bsky.social
for
@ecfr.eu
ecfr.eu/publication/...
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Averting West Bank collapse: How to revive Palestinian politics | ECFR
Hollowed out by violent Israeli control and Mahmoud Abbas’s personal rule, the Palestinian Authority is losing its grip on the West Bank. European and Arab stat
https://buff.ly/vMeQaYr
about 1 month ago
0
2
3
đź“°
@muhammadshehada.bsky.social
speaks to
@972mag.com
about how Trump’s 20-point plan for Gaza is helping Israel to engineer a new reality on the ground. Tune in here 👇
www.972mag.com/podcast-isra...
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Israel emptied half of Gaza. What's next?
Gazan analyst Muhammad Shehada examines how Israel is using the ’Yellow Line’ to re-engineer its control over the Strip even after the ceasefire.
https://buff.ly/Hx2Jtqc
about 1 month ago
0
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"Empowering and re-legitimising the PA is an urgent and necessary part of any deescalation strategy in the West Bank, efforts to secure a sustainable ceasefire in Gaza, and the revival of credible Israeli-Palestinian peace talks"
@hlovatt.bsky.social
&
@tahanimustafa.bsky.social
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Averting West Bank collapse: How to revive Palestinian politics | ECFR
Hollowed out by violent Israeli control and Mahmoud Abbas’s personal rule, the Palestinian Authority is losing its grip on the West Bank. European and Arab stat
https://buff.ly/vMeQaYr
about 1 month ago
0
0
0
✍️ The EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act could offer a useful framework for Europeans and Gulf partners to work together, argue
@cinziabianco.bsky.social
& Herman Quarles for @ECFRPower
ecfr.eu/article/trum...
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Trump’s AI thaw: How Europe and the Gulf can protect against American and Chinese tech pressure | ECFR
Recent changes in US policy have brought the US and Gulf states together again on AI—creating new openings for European decision-makers
https://buff.ly/fZmFYEq
about 1 month ago
0
2
4
đź“– NEW policy brief by
@hlovatt.bsky.social
&
@tahanimustafa.bsky.social
: Genuine political renewal for Palestine must begin with an end to the authoritarianism & impunity that have defined Abbas's rule, as well as to Israel’s annexationist ambitions and violence 👇
buff.ly/vMeQaYr
about 1 month ago
0
0
0
reposted by
ECFR MENA
Julien Barnes-Dacey
about 1 month ago
Big & important new
@ecfr.eu
read: Averting West Bank collapse: How to revive Palestinian politics - by
@hlovatt.bsky.social
&
@tahanimustafa.bsky.social
ecfr.eu/publication/...
@ecfrmena.bsky.social
loading . . .
Averting West Bank collapse: How to revive Palestinian politics
Hollowed out by violent Israeli control and Mahmoud Abbas’s personal rule, the Palestinian Authority is losing its grip on the West Bank. European and Arab states must intervene to rebuild legitimate…
https://ecfr.eu/publication/averting-west-bank-collapse-how-to-revive-palestinian-politics/
0
8
7
đź“° Following the recent UNSC resolution endorsing a new plan for Western Sahara,
@hlovatt.bsky.social
speaks to
@Euractiv.com
about the need for a shift in EU policy 👇
buff.ly/ItAazCV
about 1 month ago
0
0
0
đź“°
@cinziabianco.bsky.social
speaks to La Repubblica about the role Saudi Arabia can play on the global stage in a post-oil era 👇
www.repubblica.it/esteri/2025/...
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L’esperta: “Mohammed bin Salman non poteva aprire a Netanyahu dimenticando Gaza”
Intervista a Cinzia Bianco, che segue i Paesi del Golfo per lo European Council on Foreign Relations. “Per avere un ruolo primario nel mondo post-petrolio l’Ar…
https://buff.ly/dvNUbVl
about 1 month ago
0
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As the UN Security Council votes to endorse Trump's 20-point peace plan, explore
@ecfr.eu
's expert analysis of the plan's shortcomings, expected challenges, and the necessity of its fine-tuning 👇
about 2 months ago
1
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2
đź§µ Ahead of MbS White House visit,
@ecfr.eu
's Ellie Geranmayeh,
@camillelons.bsky.social
&
@cinziabianco.bsky.social
unpack how 12-day war, backfiring of Iran's nuclear threshold status & Israel's Doha strikes impact Saudi nuclear calculus for
@warontherocks.bsky.social
about 2 months ago
1
1
1
Investing in long-term stability and maritime security in the Middle East remains essential for Europeans, especially amid uncertainty over the American role, writes
@camillelons.bsky.social
buff.ly/sFCXka9
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The mirage of resilience: Why energy markets cannot shake off the Middle East risk | ECFR
Oil prices barely flinched after the Iran-Israel 12-day war in June, but it would be a mistake to conclude Gulf producers have lost their leverage.
https://buff.ly/sFCXka9
about 2 months ago
0
0
1
A power-sharing arrangement that exists between outright independence and integration into Morocco as envisaged by the autonomy plan could be negotiated, writes
@hlovatt.bsky.social
for
@ecfr.eu
👇
ecfr.eu/article/west...
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Western Sahara shuffle: Trump’s foray could make or break peace | ECFR
President Donald Trump’s quest for a peace prize has led him to Western Sahara, where American diplomacy risks either sparking more violence or seizing a rare c
https://ecfr.eu/article/western-sahara-shuffle-trumps-foray-could-make-or-break-peace/
about 2 months ago
0
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Oil prices barely flinched after June's 12-day war, but it would be a mistake to conclude Gulf producers have lost their leverage. Investing in long-term stability and maritime security in the region remains essential for Europeans, writes
@camillelons.bsky.social
buff.ly/8jwEoKB
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The mirage of resilience: Why energy markets cannot shake off the Middle East risk | ECFR
Oil prices barely flinched after the Iran-Israel 12-day war in June, but it would be a mistake to conclude Gulf producers have lost their leverage.
https://buff.ly/8jwEoKB
about 2 months ago
0
0
0
✍️ Europeans should capitalise on the Polisario’s willingness to engage in renewed negotiations that would preserve the current economic interests of Morocco relating to Western Sahara’s natural resources, writes
@hlovatt.bsky.social
buff.ly/9ducliL
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Western Sahara shuffle: Trump’s foray could make or break peace | ECFR
President Donald Trump’s quest for a peace prize has led him to Western Sahara, where American diplomacy risks either sparking more violence or seizing a rare c
https://buff.ly/9ducliL
about 2 months ago
0
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✍️ If European actors adjust their policies on navigating the diverse challenges and interests in Tunisia’s energy transition, a picture of green connectivity between Tunisia and its northerly neighbours may really begin to take shape 👇
@philippwa.bsky.social
buff.ly/Bvl0eX2
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Power sharing: The politics of European-Tunisian energy cooperation | ECFR
The ethos of the EU’s “Pact for the Mediterranean” could help revitalise cooperation on clean energy with Tunisia—but only if Europeans learn how to better fact
https://buff.ly/Bvl0eX2
2 months ago
0
1
1
✍️ If Europe wants credibility when invoking international law in Ukraine, Gaza or elsewhere, it cannot ignore the atrocities happening in Sudan. Though the options are limited, there are ways to hold the responsible accountable
@cinziabianco.bsky.social
@willbrownecfr.bsky.social
buff.ly/B7uIpW9
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Sudan: A war Europe cannot stop, but cannot ignore | ECFR
El-Fasher in North Darfur is now the epicentre of the world’s greatest humanitarian catastrophe. Europe’s options are limited, but there are still ways to hold
https://ecfr.eu/article/sudan-a-war-europe-cannot-stop-but-cannot-ignore/
2 months ago
1
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4
"El-Fasher in North Darfur is now the epicentre of the world’s greatest humanitarian catastrophe. Europe’s options are limited, but there are still ways to hold the responsible accountable"
ecfr.eu/article/suda...
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Sudan: A war Europe cannot stop, but cannot ignore
El-Fasher in North Darfur is now the epicentre of the world’s greatest humanitarian catastrophe. Europe’s options are limited, but there are still ways to hold the responsible accountable.
https://ecfr.eu/article/sudan-a-war-europe-cannot-stop-but-cannot-ignore/
2 months ago
0
1
1
reposted by
ECFR MENA
Jeremy Cliffe
2 months ago
Our publications
@ecfr.eu
have been going gangbusters recently. This past month we have published a series of must-read policy briefs on Europe's southern flank:
ecfr.eu
2
14
4
reposted by
ECFR MENA
Philipp Wagner
2 months ago
Glad to see this out! In my latest policy brief with
@ecfr.eu
, I argue that Europe needs a more coherent, horizontal and context-sensitive approach in its green energy relations with Tunisia to create mutual benefits and people-centered cooperation.
#EU
#Tunisia
#COP30
#energytransition
add a skeleton here at some point
0
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✍️ A new approach to European-Tunisian clean energy cooperation could not only boost Tunisia’s economic development, but also act as a litmus test for the EU’s green diplomacy in other challenging political environments, writes
@philippwa.bsky.social
buff.ly/3wrcgvl
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Power sharing: The politics of European-Tunisian energy cooperation | ECFR
The ethos of the EU’s “Pact for the Mediterranean” could help revitalise cooperation on clean energy with Tunisia—but only if Europeans learn how to better fact
https://buff.ly/3wrcgvl
2 months ago
0
1
0
đź“° For
@cnn.com
,
@muhammadshehada.bsky.social
comments on the challenge of isolated Hamas cells with no contact with its remaining leadership 👇
buff.ly/cxIh2t2
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Gaza’s new normal is a truce without peace | CNN
This situation between all-out conflict and a comprehensive peace provides no closure: Palestinians are in constant fear of the next wave of deadly strikes, while Israel teeters perpetually on the…
https://buff.ly/cxIh2t2
2 months ago
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✍️ Serious diplomatic efforts from Europeans could help translate Hamas's current pragmatism into a concrete political and ideological shift, but they must move rapidly, writes
@muhammadshehada.bsky.social
for
@ecfr.eu
buff.ly/JURYNkm
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Diplomacy next: The internal politics of Hamas and the power of European engagement | ECFR
Europeans have the potential to tip the scales in the coming diplomatic negotiations over Gaza, but they must move rapidly
https://buff.ly/JURYNkm
2 months ago
0
0
0
✍️ Oil prices barely flinched after June's 12-day war, but it would be a mistake to conclude Gulf producers have lost their leverage. Investing in long-term stability and maritime security in the region remains essential for Europeans, writes
@camillelons.bsky.social
buff.ly/8jwEoKB
loading . . .
The mirage of resilience: Why energy markets cannot shake off the Middle East risk | ECFR
Oil prices barely flinched after the Iran-Israel 12-day war in June, but it would be a mistake to conclude Gulf producers have lost their leverage.
https://buff.ly/8jwEoKB
2 months ago
0
0
0
✍️ Germany’s policy towards Israel and its adherence to "Staatsräson" undermines its commitment to international law and the EU’s capacity to act as a geopolitical actor, writes Nele Anders
@ecfr.eu
👇
buff.ly/ThBSYPE
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Staatsräson: How Germany’s Israel policy hobbles EU strategy | ECFR
Germany’s policy towards Israel undermines its commitment to international law and the EU’s capacity to act as a geopolitical actor
https://buff.ly/ThBSYPE
2 months ago
0
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đź“°
@tahanimustafa.bsky.social
on the US plan to split Gaza into separate zones, for
@wsj.com
: “Gaza has represented the only patch of territorial contiguity for a Palestinian state. A plan like this could end up creating what Palestinians feared” 👇
buff.ly/nsKim1j
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https://buff.ly/nsKim1j
2 months ago
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0
0
reposted by
ECFR MENA
Hugh Lovatt
2 months ago
Positive news to see Polisario updating its 2007 peace proposal -- long overdue and something we @ecfr have been advocating for the past 4 years. On why this is needed, and how it can advance a Trump deal, here is my most recent piece:
cidob.org/en/publicati...
2
3
2
reposted by
ECFR MENA
Julien Barnes-Dacey
2 months ago
New by
@muhammadshehada.bsky.social
@ecfr.eu
on internal Hamas dynamics after the ceasefire: “The question is not whether Hamas will change overnight but whether diplomacy can evolve fast enough to meet Hamas at its most flexible before it returns to logic of perpetual war”
ecfr.eu/article/dipl...
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Diplomacy next: The internal politics of Hamas and the power of European engagement
Europeans have the potential to tip the scales in the coming diplomatic negotiations over Gaza, but they must move rapidly…
https://ecfr.eu/article/diplomacy-next-the-internal-politics-of-hamas-and-the-power-of-european-engagement/
0
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