John F. Cryan (@jfcryan.bsky.social)

Microbiome, Exposome, and Cognitive Development: The Known Unknowns | Annual Reviews The gut microbiota, composed of trillions of microorganisms, plays a key role in bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, particularly during early life. The first two postnatal years represent a critical window when the exposome—the totality of all environmental exposures—shapes neurodevelopment via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Exposome factors such as diet, birth mode, antibiotic use, infections, and xenobiotics can alter microbial composition and function, with downstream e... https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-111323-120638