Trends in Immunology
@cp-trendsimmuno.bsky.social
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Cell Press Reviews journal covering Immunology. Posts by Editor-in-Chief, Claudia Burrello.
Interleukin-23 biology linking mucosal immunity to autoimmune diseases and cancer
#immunology
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Interleukin-23 biology linking mucosal immunity to autoimmune diseases and cancer
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a pleiotropic cytokine that maintains the delicate balance between tolerance to commensal microbiota and defense against pathogens at mucosal barriers. When dysregulated, IL-23 becomes a key driver of chronic inflammation, with therapeutics blocking this pathway being successfully harnessed in the clinic. In this review, we discuss recently uncovered biology of IL-23 in the context of mucosal immunity, which intimately links the role of this pathway to the pathophysiology of autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, and emerging functions in cancer. Through the lens of the cell types that respond to IL-23, the engaged effector programs, and the key functions in health and disease, we highlight recent advances and opportunities to better understand the dichotomous outcomes mediated by this cytokine.
http://dlvr.it/TQ7JC3
3 days ago
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Lactation, tissue-resident immunity, and protection against breast cancer
#immunology
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Lactation, tissue-resident immunity, and protection against breast cancer
Parity and lactation have long been recognised as protective factors in breast cancer, with notable risk reduction in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Recent work by Virassamy et al. suggests a tissue-specific, persistent immune surveillance underpins this effect, particularly in women who have also breastfed.
http://dlvr.it/TQ4v1V
6 days ago
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Targeting Ī³Ī“ T cells for immunotherapies against colorectal cancer
#immunology
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Targeting Ī³Ī“ T cells for immunotherapies against colorectal cancer
The advancement of immunotherapy faces significant challenges, including extending its benefits to a growing number of patients and enhancing its efficacy across different tumor types. In this context, Ī³Ī“ T cells emerge as particularly promising candidates owing to their distinctive biological features such as MHC-independent activation, potent cytotoxicity, and capacity to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, advanced single-cell techniques have allowed detailed Ī³Ī“ T cell characterization in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and have emphasized their heterogeneity, mechanisms of activation, and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in understanding Ī³Ī“ T cells in colorectal cancer (CRC), with a particular emphasis on their prognostic and therapeutic relevance in both primary tumors and metastatic disease.
http://dlvr.it/TPwj7P
17 days ago
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Group 3 innate lymphoid cells: guardians of intestinal homeostasis
#immunology
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Group 3 innate lymphoid cells: guardians of intestinal homeostasis
Intestinal homeostasis is crucial for overall health, and its maintenance relies on a complex and delicate interplay between intestinal epithelial cells, the gut microbiota, and the immune system. Among immune components, group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), which primarily reside in the intestinal microenvironment, play a crucial role in maintaining gut homeostasis. Through the expression of multiple effector molecules such as interleukin (IL)-22 and major histocompatibility complexĀ class II (MHCII), ILC3s orchestrate intestinal epithelial responses and regulate innate and adaptive immunity, thereby collectively promoting a symbiotic hostāmicrobiota relationship, supporting immune tolerance, and providing protection against pathogens. This review summarizes current understanding of ILC3 functions in gut homeostasis, highlights their interactions with the microbiota and other cell types, and outlines how aberrant ILC3 activity contributes to disease pathogenesis.
http://dlvr.it/TPw8BH
18 days ago
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A novel mechanism of immunoevasion by ER+ breast cancer
#immunology
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A novel mechanism of immunoevasion by ER+ breast cancer
Estrogen receptor (ER)+ breast malignancies are poorly infiltrated by immune cells, hence exhibiting limited sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Recent data from Palomeque et al. demonstrate that ER signaling actively contributes to such an immunoevasive phenotype by preventing the nuclear factor LCOR from establishing an ICI-sensitive tumor microenvironment.
http://dlvr.it/TPsZtP
20 days ago
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Immune cellular homeostasis and its breakdown at the maternalāfetal interface
#immunology
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Immune cellular homeostasis and its breakdown at the maternalāfetal interface
Pregnancy requires dynamic immune adaptations that balance tolerance, homeostasis, and defense at the maternalāfetal interface. Recent advances integrating findings from human placental samples with those from refined animal models now enable a detailed analysis of how cellular responses in mid and late gestation contribute to major obstetrical complications - with distinct clinical manifestations - such as preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and pre-eclampsia. In this Opinion article we propose a unifying paradigm: the breakdown of maternalāfetal immune homeostasis. We highlight regulatory T cells and decidual macrophages as complementary regulators of antigen-specific tolerance and nonspecific homeostasis, whereas effector T cell infiltration in chronic placental inflammation and neutrophil-driven inflammation in acute chorioamnionitis exemplify pathological immune activation. Together, these examples illustrate how immune programs that sustain mid-to-late pregnancy, when dysregulated, drive pathology and open new therapeutic opportunities.
http://dlvr.it/TPrvF9
21 days ago
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Neuronal inflammasomes: balancing immunity, neuroinflammation, and homeostasis
#immunology
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Neuronal inflammasomes: balancing immunity, neuroinflammation, and homeostasis
Recent discoveries reveal that inflammasome signaling in neurons extends beyond host defense to influence fundamental aspects of brain function, including synaptic plasticity, axon remodeling, and exosome-mediated intercellular communication. This review explores how basal neuronal inflammasome activity contributes to central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and how heightened signaling in neurons drives neuroinflammatory and degenerative processes. Understanding these dual roles of neuronal inflammasomes provides new insights into neuroimmune crosstalk and identifies potential targets for modulating repair and inflammation in CNS injury and disease.
http://dlvr.it/TPnT8x
25 days ago
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reposted by
Trends in Immunology
Cell Press
about 1 month ago
To effectively treat long #COVID, we must learn from historical chronic illnesses, medical researchers say.
spkl.io/63328AgJFr
#COVID
Akiko Iwasaki, Christine Miller, Janna Moen @cp-trendsimmuno.bsky.social
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reposted by
Trends in Immunology
Tom Kindlon
about 1 month ago
News Release 4-Dec-2025 To treat long COVID, we must learn from historical chronic illnesses, medical researchers say
www.eurekalert.org/news-release...
Lots of discussion of ME/CFS in full paper
#PAIS
#MEcfs
#LongCovid
add a skeleton here at some point
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reposted by
Trends in Immunology
Mass Lab
about 1 month ago
š§¬š½ļø Your macrophages may be carrying your motherās metabolic history! In our
@cp-trendsimmuno.bsky.social
article, we discuss how maternal diet programs lifelong immune function.
authors.elsevier.com/sd/article/S...
#ImmuneMemory
#Macrophages
#MaternalNutrition
#DOHaD
#EarlyLifeProgramming
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Maternal diet shapes the development and identity of tissue-resident macrophages
#immunology
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Maternal diet shapes the development and identity of tissue-resident macrophages
The developmental origins of health and diseases concept posits that early-life exposure to environmental adversities increases risks for diverse noncommunicable and infectious diseases. Among these adversities, maternal malnutrition is a critical determinant of offspring health trajectories. Maternal malnutrition from preconception to lactation can durably alter cellular and tissue function in the offspring. We propose that tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) act as central mediators of this developmental programming. Seeding tissues during embryogenesis, integrating metabolic and hormonal signals, and persisting throughout life, TRMs can encode maternal nutritional states into lasting tissue adaptations. We summarize how specific maternal diets program distinct TRM subsets and how programmed TRMs link maternal nutritional statuses to disease susceptibility. TRMs may offer early intervention targets to improve offspring health.
http://dlvr.it/TPg2HT
about 1 month ago
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IELāIEC circuit in barrier immunity and beyond
#immunology
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IELāIEC circuit in barrier immunity and beyond
The intestinal epithelium functions as an immuneāmetabolic interface, integrating environmental signals to maintain systemic homeostasis. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), interspersed within the epithelial layer, form a highly interactive network with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to coordinate barrier defense, immune tolerance, and metabolic regulation. IECs orchestrate IEL development, positioning, and functional programming. Reciprocally, IELs modulate epithelial physiology, nutrient uptake, and epithelial repair. Dysregulation of the IELāIEC unit contributes to intestinal and extraintestinal pathologies. This review discusses current advances in IELāIEC bidirectional communication, highlighting the influences of diet, microbial metabolites, and immune checkpoints on this interface. We propose a paradigm in which the IELāIEC interplay functions as a key immunometabolic regulatory unit and represents a promising therapeutic target for systemic diseases.
http://dlvr.it/TPfHNf
about 1 month ago
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The lingering shadow of epidemics: post-acute sequelae across history
#immunology
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The lingering shadow of epidemics: post-acute sequelae across history
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has drawn global attention to post-acute infection syndromes (PAIS), with millions affected by post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC, or Long COVID). While Long COVID is newly defined, PAIS have been described for over a century following epidemic infections. Multiple pathogens ā including influenza, Epstein-Barr virus, and Borrelia burgdorferi, among others ā can precipitate persistent, poorly understood symptoms. Chronic illnesses such as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) have long been linked to infectious triggers. This recurring association highlights critical knowledge gaps and underscores the need for systematic investigation. Unlike prior pandemics, the current era offers advanced technologies and analytic tools to address these gaps. Defining the biology of Long COVID may yield broader insights into hostāpathogen interactions and mechanisms of chronic illness.
http://dlvr.it/TPdMyr
about 1 month ago
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Glycolytic diversity drives immune complexity in cancer
#immunology
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Glycolytic diversity drives immune complexity in cancer
The interaction between the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and the tumor determines whether immune evasion or antitumor immunity prevails. Metabolic reprogramming is increasingly recognized as a critical factor shaping the tumor immune response. Glucose metabolism regulates the intrinsic cellular states of both immune and tumor cells, while simultaneously shaping the surrounding microenvironment. The glycolytic diversity of immune and tumor cells drives the complexity of the TIME. In this Review, we explore how glucose metabolism remodels the TIME and how these metabolic alterations influence immune effector function and immune evasion. We also highlight the potential for integrating microenvironmental modulation as a promising therapeutic strategy in glucose-targeted cancer therapies.
http://dlvr.it/TPZJVp
about 1 month ago
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Auguries of adaptivity: LES Ī³Ī“ TCR ligand recognition revisited
#immunology
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Auguries of adaptivity: LES Ī³Ī“ TCR ligand recognition revisited
Identification of antigenic ligands for the Ī³Ī“ T cell receptor (TCR) has remained a highly challenging goal since the emergence in the 1980s of Ī³Ī“ T cells as a distinct immune compartment. In a significant advance more than 12 years ago, endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), a cell-surface-expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-like protein that binds phospholipids, was identified as the first ligand for a human Ī³Ī“ TCR to be validated by direct binding experiments: a finding that undoubtedly posed more questions than it answered. In this review we discuss how features of this single clonotypic specificity anticipated insights into adaptive-like human Ī³Ī“ T cell biology that emerged in subsequent investigations, and we highlight recent findings about EPCR that point towards the relevance of such responses in anti-pathogen and potentially anti-tumour immunity.
http://dlvr.it/TPYdKn
about 1 month ago
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Get with the program: regulation of T cell death
#immunology
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Get with the program: regulation of T cell death
Programmed cell death (PCD) encompasses several tightly regulated molecular signalling pathways, leading to the controlled destruction of cells. Apoptosis is a non-immunogenic form of cell death that regulates homeostasis to cell stressors. In contrast, lytic forms of cell death ā necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis ā promote inflammation, alerting the immune system to danger. As adaptive immune responders, T cells clonally expand in response to antigenic stimulation and rapidly contract following the clearance of infection. While the role of apoptosis in regulating these processes is relatively well understood, evidence for lytic death activity in T cells is emerging. This review provides an update on recent advances in the understanding of PCD pathways in conventional and unconventional T cells in diverse immune contexts.
http://dlvr.it/TPSGz4
about 1 month ago
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Cell intrinsic versus cell extrinsic control of plasma cell longevity
#immunology
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Cell intrinsic versus cell extrinsic control of plasma cell longevity
The maintenance of serum antibodies requires the persistence of plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM). However, little is understood about why relatively few BM plasma cells live for extended periods. We consider two opposing viewpoints. We first consider the notion that sustained antibody titers requires localization of plasma cells to specialized BM niches where they access cell extrinsic survival factors, including extracellular ATP (eATP). We then consider the alternative possibility that plasma cell survival requires optimized cell intrinsic control of antibody synthesis supported by eATP stimulation of purinergic receptors. Based on the latter view we propose that many BM plasma cells fail to achieve maximal longevity due to suboptimal protein homeostasis rather than compromised access to cell extrinsic survival cues.
http://dlvr.it/TPRc23
about 1 month ago
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reposted by
Trends in Immunology
Hannah Garner
about 2 months ago
Excited to share this highlight of a beautiful study into how myeloperoxidase acts as a chromatin transformer
add a skeleton here at some point
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reposted by
Trends in Immunology
Iannacone Lab
about 2 months ago
New review out in
@cp-trendsimmuno.bsky.social
! With
@valentinavenzin.bsky.social
, we revisit IL-27 as a central regulator of CD8āŗ T cell fate ā integrating insights from infection, cancer, and autoimmunity, and outlining its therapeutic potential.
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
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Reframing IL-27: a central regulator of CD8+ T cell immunity
Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a member of the IL-12 cytokine family, was long viewed primarily as a regulator of CD4+ T cell immunity. Subsequent studies reā¦
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471490625002698
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Beyond the innate immune system: rethinking inflammasomes in multiple sclerosis
#immunology
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Beyond the innate immune system: rethinking inflammasomes in multiple sclerosis
Inflammasomes have emerged as central regulators of (auto)immune pathology, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Once exclusively considered in the domain of myeloid cells, both canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes are now recognized in diverse immune and nonimmune populations relevant to MS, including T lymphocytes, bloodābrain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells (EnC), and oligodendrocytes (ODCs). Elevated inflammasome activity is evident in patient-derived samples, particularly within active brain lesions. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models confirm the pathogenic contribution of inflammasomes, as genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of inflammasomes mitigate disease. These advances position inflammasomes at the intersection of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and highlight inflammasome inhibition as a promising therapeutic avenue currently under investigation in preclinical and early clinical studies.
http://dlvr.it/TPMYDW
about 2 months ago
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Reframing IL-27: a central regulator of CD8+ T cell immunity
#immunology
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Reframing IL-27: a central regulator of CD8+ T cell immunity
Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a member of the IL-12 cytokine family, was long viewed primarily as a regulator of CD4+ T cell immunity. Subsequent studies revealed that IL-27 also directly modulates CD8+ T cells, displaying both stimulatory and inhibitory potential. Recent work extends this earlier literature, showing that IL-27 in infection and cancer can promote effector differentiation, sustain survival, and reverse dysfunction, often without the systemic toxicity associated with related cytokines. This review outlines the molecular features, signaling mechanisms, and cellular sources of IL-27, integrating emerging evidence from viral, tumor, and autoimmune settings. We propose that IL-27 operates not as an inherently pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine but as a context-dependent tuner of CD8+ T cell cytotoxic immunity, offering new opportunities for therapeutic exploitation.
http://dlvr.it/TPMYCj
about 2 months ago
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Interleukin-22: the hub bridging gut homeostasis and metabolism
#immunology
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Interleukin-22: the hub bridging gut homeostasis and metabolism
IL-22, produced by various cell types including T helper (Th) 17 cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), plays a pivotal role in gut homeostasis by acting on non-hematopoietic cells. It promotes epithelial barrier integrity, tissue repair, and antimicrobial defense. Beyond its established function in mucosal immunity, emerging evidence reveals IL-22ās involvement in regulating intestinal metabolism and protecting against systemic metabolic dysregulation. This review highlights recent advances in preclinical mouse models and human clinical data in IL-22 biology, focusing on its dual role in immune defense and metabolic control. Given the strong link between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and metabolic disorders, we further discuss IL-22ās therapeutic potential in mitigating both intestinal inflammation and related metabolic complications.
http://dlvr.it/TPMPKL
about 2 months ago
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Regulation of intestinal injury via dietary cysteine
#immunology
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Regulation of intestinal injury via dietary cysteine
Chi and colleagues revealed that dietary cysteine enhances intestinal stem cell (ISC) regeneration, driving coenzyme A (CoA) synthesis and expansion of intraepithelial (IEL) CD8Ī±Ī²+ T cells that secrete IL-22. This epithelialāimmune crosstalk potentiates ISC repair after injury, highlighting a metabolismāimmune axis linking cysteine sensing to tissue regeneration.
http://dlvr.it/TPLKd0
about 2 months ago
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Myeloperoxidase transforms chromatin into an immune weapon
#immunology
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Myeloperoxidase transforms chromatin into an immune weapon
Burn et al. reveal a previously unrecognised, non-catalytic function of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation; integrating super-resolution microscopy and biochemical approaches, they demonstrated that MPOās oligomeric state governs chromatin decondensation, redefining MPO as a structural chromatin modifier with implications for diseases driven by dysregulated NETosis.
http://dlvr.it/TPJNfg
about 2 months ago
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Early life determinants of skin-resident T cells
#immunology
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Early life determinants of skin-resident T cells
Recent research has shown that sequential colonization of the skin by various subsets of immune cells, particularly T cells, during perinatal stages forms layered surveillance networks crucial for maintaining skin tissue integrity and function. Here, we review our current understanding of key epigenetic and molecular mechanisms, along with maternal/external environmental factors, that regulate the sequential colonization of skin by different T cell subsets and their roles in establishing and maintaining skin tissue homeostasis. We propose that establishment of a skin-resident T cell system is developmentally programmed in coordination with maturation of skin structural barriers to adapt to environmental changes during perinatal stages, while dysregulation during this critical āwindow of opportunityā could have lifelong impacts on the health of both the skin and body.
http://dlvr.it/TPFrnB
about 2 months ago
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Our November issue is online! Check it out šhttps://www.cell.com/issue/S1471-4906(24)X0012-5
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Current issue: Trends in Immunology
https://www.cell.com/issue/S1471-4906(24)X0012-5
about 2 months ago
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reposted by
Trends in Immunology
Ivan Zanoni
about 2 months ago
#ToPrimeOrNotToPrime
, this is the question! Excited for our new review
@cp-trendsimmuno.bsky.social
with
@oceanedufies.bsky.social
in which we discuss what is āprimingā for the
#NLRP3
#inflammasome
& how we can harness this knowledge to better control human diseases!
#InflammasomePower
!
#Free
ššš
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ScienceDirect.com | Science, health and medical journals, full text articles and books.
https://authors.elsevier.com/sd/article/S1471-4906(25)00252-2
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Are you working on research that challenges the classical function of the immune system? Submit an abstract to @CellSymposia #CSImmuneHomeostasis26 and be considered for a poster or short talk at the meeting in Shanghai, China, May 11ā13, 2026
http://dlvr.it/TPFG1G
about 2 months ago
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Post-translational modifications of NLRP3: to prime or not to prime?
#immunology
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Post-translational modifications of NLRP3: to prime or not to prime?
The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a central role in host defense against microbial infections but also contributes to inflammatory diseases. Functioning of NLRP3 strictly relies on two signals: a āpriming signalā that licenses NLRP3 activity and an āactivation signalā that triggers inflammasome assembly and downstream caspase-1 activation. The priming signal involves transcriptional upregulation of NLRP3 and diverse post-translational modifications that regulate its stability, subcellular localization, and proteināprotein interactions. This multilayered regulation prevents untimely inflammasome activation while enabling its rapid assembly when both priming and activation signals are present. Here, we focus on the complexity of the priming signal and critically analyze and discuss how diverse post-translational modifications cooperate to prime NLRP3, controlling its activity in health and disease.
http://dlvr.it/TPBMl3
about 2 months ago
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BACH2 and HIV: partners in crime?
#immunology
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BACH2 and HIV: partners in crime?
HIV-1 persists lifelong despite effective antiretroviral therapy, yet the mechanisms underlying this persistence remain incompletely understood. Recent work by Wei et al. and Gao et al. reveals that the transcription factor BACH2 orchestrates CD4+ T cell memory programs fostering long-term memory formation while limiting effector differentiation, thereby promoting HIV-1 persistence.
http://dlvr.it/TP8Pcl
about 2 months ago
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Epigenetically programmed identity crisis to combat diffuse large B cell lymphoma
#immunology
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Epigenetically programmed identity crisis to combat diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Germinal center B cellālike diffuse large B cell lymphoma (GCB-DLBCL) originates from the malignant transformation of germinal center B cells. This process is driven by transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulations, frequently caused by recurrent mutations and chromosomal translocations. These changes lead to a differentiation arrest associated with unchecked proliferation and survival. This review highlights key transcriptional and epigenetic dependencies that sustain the GCB-DLBCL phenotype and identifies therapeutic vulnerabilities. Epigenetic targeting of these vulnerabilities unlocks tumor cells from their differentiation arrest, enabling further yet incomplete differentiation toward an antiproliferative, proapoptotic plasma cellālike or memory B cellālike state. We define this transition as an epigenetically programmed identity crisis, a promising therapeutic strategy to target GCB-DLBCL and potentially other malignancies.
http://dlvr.it/TP7p0L
about 2 months ago
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DNA methylation and histone modifications drive the trained immunity duration
#immunology
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DNA methylation and histone modifications drive the trained immunity duration
Trained immunity (TRIM) is a de facto form of innate immune memory. While histone modifications contribute to TRIM, their reversible nature and susceptibility to dilution during cell division cannot fully account for its long-term persistence. Here, we propose that DNA methylation patterns, particularly hypomethylation at proinflammatory gene loci, could serve as a key epigenetic mechanism contributing to long-term TRIM. Mechanistically, these hypomethylated states are biochemically stable and faithfully inherited through cell division, acting as a permissive scaffold that enables the rapid accumulation of activating histone marks upon restimulation. This DNA-methylation-mediated process could underpin the durability of TRIM across multiple contexts, including hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, differentiation from central to peripheral compartments, and autonomy of tissue-resident cells.
http://dlvr.it/TP6FDd
2 months ago
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Coming of age: mRNA vaccines for orthoflaviviruses
#immunology
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Coming of age: mRNA vaccines for orthoflaviviruses
Orthoflaviviruses ā including dengue, Zika, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and Powassan viruses ā are mosquito- and tick-borne members of the family Flaviviridae. Orthoflaviviruses pose major public health threats, with the potential for epidemics and pandemics. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines offer a powerful platform by delivering in vitro-synthesized viral antigen-encoding mRNAs into the host, where they generate proteins that trigger robust immune responses. These synthetic platforms simplify the expression of complex viral glycoproteins, allow rapid and scalable manufacturing that is critical in a pandemic/epidemic scenario, and support multivalent designs to broaden protection. This review highlights recent advancements in mRNA vaccines for orthoflaviviruses and examines how innovations in antigen design and delivery platforms may offer broad, safe, and durable protection against diverse pathogenic orthoflaviviruses.
http://dlvr.it/TP5lss
2 months ago
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Immunology as a guide to human relationships
#immunology
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Immunology as a guide to human relationships
This essay uses immunology to illuminate human relationships. Moving beyond self/non-self toward danger-based models, it draws parallels between cytokine communication and language, tolerance and forgiveness, microbiota diversity and coexistence. Recognizing these metaphors reveals pathways toward healthier connections within individuals, communities, and societies.
http://dlvr.it/TNyCwZ
2 months ago
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The Janus face of NK cells in neurodevelopment
#immunology
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The Janus face of NK cells in neurodevelopment
Maternal immune activation (MIA), triggered by infection or inflammation during pregnancy, is a well-recognized risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Clinical cohort studies and rodent models suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a significant role in NDD pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we summarize the key immune mediators involved in MIA-induced NDDs, emphasizing microglia as a central hub. We then examine emerging evidence implicating aberrant NK cell activation in ASD, underscoring their overlooked contribution to impaired neurodevelopment. Finally, we discuss potential mechanisms of NK cellāmicroglia crosstalk in NDDs. Elucidating these interactions in the context of MIA will be crucial for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies against inflammation-driven NDDs.
http://dlvr.it/TNtCv5
2 months ago
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Neuroimmune dynamics and cytokines in traumatic brain injury
#immunology
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Neuroimmune dynamics and cytokines in traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of neurological disability, associated with higher rates of cognitive complications that negatively affect recovery. Myriad cytokine and chemokine pathways propagate the secondary responses to injury. This review discusses the integration of peripheral and central immune cytokine and chemokine signaling cascades after TBI and recovery, with a focus on preclinical work. We first discuss key cytokine and chemokine interactions influencing recovery and long-term deficits. Next, we discuss the major cell types that propagate and respond to the inflammatory process after TBI. Understanding neuroimmune signaling, utilizing recent advances in transcriptomics and immune profiling, with a focus on cytokines and chemokine after TBI reveals therapeutic targets and informs strategies to improve long-term recovery and outcomes.
http://dlvr.it/TNq5Th
3 months ago
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Dual effects and balanced regulation of cytokines in sepsis
#immunology
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Dual effects and balanced regulation of cytokines in sepsis
Sepsis, a life-threatening condition triggered by infection, disrupts the bodyās immune balance and remains a major global health challenge. This forum explores the dual roles of cytokines in sepsis: their overactivation drives ācytokine storms,ā and dysregulation leads to immunosuppression. It also discusses regulatory mechanisms for developing targeted therapies.
http://dlvr.it/TNpdTf
3 months ago
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Weāre excited to bring you a fresh perspective on the multifaceted role of the immune system at @CellSymposia #CSImmuneHomeostasis26, taking place May 11ā13, 2026 in Shanghai, China. Discover more:
http://dlvr.it/TNn8c3
3 months ago
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šØ The October issue of Trends in Immunology is live! šØ On the cover: T cells transferring membrane proteins like athletes exchanging the baton in a relay run. ššāāļø šLink to the full issue:
www.cell.com/issue/S1471-...
#immunology
#Tcells
#research
#trendsinimmunology
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Current issue: Trends in Immunology
https://www.cell.com/issue/S1471-4906(24)X0011-3
3 months ago
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reposted by
Trends in Immunology
Stefano Barbera
3 months ago
In "News from the T cell trogocytosis front" (10.1016/j.it.2025.07.008), we explore the T cell trogocytosis, a form of horizontal protein transfer where T cells āhand offā molecules to each other, much like runners passing a baton in a relay race.
@cp-trendsimmuno.bsky.social
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reposted by
Trends in Immunology
Cell Press
3 months ago
Congratulations to the 2025 #NobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine winners Drs. Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, & Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance. View their related research published in #CellPress journals:
spkl.io/63325AVK2R
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š Congratulations to
#Nobel
Prize awardees Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking discoveries about peripheral immune tolerance and
#tregs
Trends in Immunology had the privilege of featuring their influential research over the years.š
www.cell.com/immunology/f...
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Fas and FasL in the homeostatic regulation of immune responses
Studies of the biological effects of Fas signaling, using transformed cell lines as targets, indicate that ligation of the Fas receptor induces an apoptotic death signal. Chronically activated normal ...
https://www.cell.com/immunology/fulltext/0167-5699(95)80079-4
3 months ago
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A mother's touch: microbial guardians of early immune imprinting
#immunology
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A mother's touch: microbial guardians of early immune imprinting
The evolution of the fetal immune system within the womb is a delicate balancing act: it is trained to not reject maternal antigens, while equipping itself with ālearnedā immunity to survive and thrive in the outside world. In this opinion article, we propose that a deliberate maternal touch via immune and nutritional influences, orchestrated, in part, by microbiota-derived components, imprints the fetal immune system with the needed immune memory and epigenetic marks to navigate a far less nurturing outside world, including early microbial colonizers in the newbornās intestine, pathogens and irritants, and allergens in food. We redefine the hygiene hypothesis to include prenatal maternal microbial exposures, priming fetal immune development for long-term fitness and reduced inflammatory/autoimmune disease risk.
http://dlvr.it/TNVMYh
3 months ago
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Germinal centre B cell disruption by non-typhoidal Salmonella
#immunology
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Germinal centre B cell disruption by non-typhoidal Salmonella
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) represents a major global health burden. Strains endemic in sub-Saharan Africa cause life-threatening invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis (iNTS) in vulnerable populations. Studies in the iNTS-like mouse model show that STm induces profound germinal centre (GC) disruption, impairing high-affinity, long-lived antibody and memory B cell formation ā affecting nascent and pre-existing GC reactions. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and specific STm type 3 secretion effectors drive GC collapse, but the determining bacteriaāhost interactions are still unclear. Although STm induces an extrafollicular (EF) B cell response generating protective antibodies, their longevity remains unclear. With no licensed human vaccine for iNTS, we propose that vaccine strategies should consider ways to protect GC integrity and include GC parameters as endpoints in preclinical trials.
http://dlvr.it/TNRvN2
3 months ago
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1
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Potential impact of long-read sequencing on complement-mediated diseases
#immunology
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Potential impact of long-read sequencing on complement-mediated diseases
The complement genes harbour genetic variants that affect numerous diseases; however, these genes are notoriously repeat-heavy, and these repeat regions are largely unexplored for disease-relevant genetic variation. Elucidating these ādarkā regions is now possible using long-read sequencing (LRS), enabling identification of novel disease-relevant genetic variants.
http://dlvr.it/TNQfky
3 months ago
0
1
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Kupffer cells facilitate intrahepatic CD4 T cell help
#immunology
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Kupffer cells facilitate intrahepatic CD4 T cell help
Intrahepatic immune responses are often insufficient to control hepatitis virus infections. A recent study by Venzin and colleagues demonstrates a detailed mechanism by which an intrahepatic tricellular network and the cytokine IL-27 can augment virus-specific immunity.
http://dlvr.it/TNMgw5
3 months ago
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6
1
Balancing IL-17āmediated protection and IFN-Ī³ādriven pathology at mucocutaneous barriers
#immunology
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Balancing IL-17āmediated protection and IFN-Ī³ādriven pathology at mucocutaneous barriers
Mucocutaneous surfaces rely on IL-17āproducing lymphocytes to preserve barrier integrity and prevent bacterial and fungal overgrowth. Accordingly, genetic or pharmacological IL-17 deficiencies lead to mucocutaneous infections. Interferon (IFN)-Ī³ mediates host defense against intracellular pathogens, but excessive mucosal IFN-Ī³ activity can paradoxically impair epithelial integrity and promote infection, as shown in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophyāassociated oral candidiasis, even with intact IL-17 responses. Further evidence for IFN-Ī³ādriven pathology is emerging in bacterial, fungal, and protozoal infections at mucocutaneous tissues. Together, these findings support a model in which IL-17 promotes barrier resistance, whereas unchecked IFN-Ī³ erodes it. Collectively, they advance the concept that although mucocutaneous infections are classically caused by immunodeficiency, epithelial disruption by immunopathology represents a novel and underappreciated mechanism of infection susceptibility at barrier sites.
http://dlvr.it/TNJRcW
3 months ago
0
1
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Emerging insights into mosaic errors of immunity
#immunology
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Emerging insights into mosaic errors of immunity
Mosaic errors of immunity (MEI) encompass a group of immune disorders caused by somatic or gonosomal gene variants affecting hematopoiesis and immune function. Although the causal role of mosaicism in monogenic immune disorders has been recognized for over two decades, our understanding of their pathogenesis, genotypeāphenotype correlation and clonal evolution remains poor. In this review, we synthesize shared and distinct molecular determinants from the currently recognized MEI and provide a mechanistic framework for future research. Exploring the implications of mosaic genetic variation in patients with unexplained immune disorders could uncover novel, actionable genetic disorders. Moreover, the study of these rare āexperiments of natureā may shed light on cell-specific immune pathways, non-malignant clonal dynamics, and mosaic disorders more broadly.
http://dlvr.it/TNHzYc
3 months ago
0
1
1
Decoding immune aging at single-cell resolution
#immunology
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Decoding immune aging at single-cell resolution
Advances in single-cell sequencing have transformed our understanding of immune aging by enabling high-resolution dissection of age-associated changes in cellular composition and function. Recent years have seen a surge in studies leveraging single-cell multi-omics to chart immune trajectories across the human lifespan, uncovering previously unrecognized heterogeneity and functional shifts in peripheral immune cells. While these technologies offer unprecedented insights, they also pose significant technical and analytical challenges, including data integration across platforms and populations. In this review, we critically examine landmark studies, compare emerging immune aging clocks, and highlight opportunities for clinical translation. By decoding immune aging at single-cell resolution, we move closer to early detection of immunosenescence, personalized immunomodulation, and precision strategies to extend healthspan in aging populations.
http://dlvr.it/TNHkCk
3 months ago
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4
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Nonclassical HLA and pseudogenes in maternalāfetal tolerance and cancer
#immunology
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Nonclassical HLA and pseudogenes in maternalāfetal tolerance and cancer
The immunological tolerance protecting the fetus from maternal rejection during pregnancy involves nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules (HLA-G, HLA-E, HLA-F) interacting with maternal immune-inhibitory receptors. Cancers similarly exploit these molecules to evade immune detection and promote tumor progression. Pseudogenes within the major histocompatibility complex may modulate these pathways via noncoding RNA, gene conversion, or protein interactions, although their precise roles remain unclear. Furthermore, fetalāmaternal microchimerism potentially reinforces maternal tolerance but could also influence susceptibility to autoimmune disorders or cancer. This review critically evaluates current experimental evidence, identifies knowledge gaps, and proposes therapeutic approaches targeting these pathways in oncology without compromising maternalāfetal tolerance.
http://dlvr.it/TN8FSY
4 months ago
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4
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