@4gravitons.bsky.social
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Bluesky for the blog 4gravitons.com
Why are hallucinated citations possible in the first place? Especially on a platform like arXiv?
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ArXiv Will Ban You for Hallucinated References
Thomas Dietterich, Chair of the Computer Science section of the preprint server arXiv.org, recently clarified the site's policies towards "hallucinated" citations and other signs of careless use of AI in a post on X. If your paper contains a citation to a paper that doesn't actually exist, or has other signs you didn't read it before posting like leftover commentary (the example he gave was "here is a 200 word summary; would you like me to make any changes?"), then you can get banned from the arXiv for one year.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/05/22/arxiv-will-ban-you-for-hallucinated-references/
3 days ago
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reposted by
Eugene Lim
6 days ago
I LOVE the rice cooker! Itâs the best example of simple physics : itâs literally a pot, a heating element and a magnet. Thatâs it. No electronics. No sensors. Nothing. How does it work??? Physics ! đ§”
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"Make no mistakes" isn't a totally useless thing to tell an LLM. But it doesn't do what you think it does.
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Make No Mistakes
I'm taking a Danish exam next week, and it's a big one, a culmination of years learning the language. My classmates are stressed. Despite how much we've learned, it feels like we're always making little mistakes. We write the wrong prepositions, put verbs in the wrong form, or mess up the order of words in a sentence. And while we should have time to check our work, that doesn't help as much as it should.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/05/15/make-no-mistakes/
10 days ago
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Since the traditional Nottingham response to misuse of public funds involves bows and arrows, these academics are showing remarkable restraint! Well worth supporting.
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11 days ago
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reposted by
Sam Ottewill-Soulsby
2 months ago
Going through an issue of the TLS from last December, I find a philosophy pun courtesy of Nigel Warburton that surely deserves wider currantsy.
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Some bonus info fo my New Scientist piece last week:
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Bonus Info for â100-year-old assumption about the universe may soon be overturnedâ
I had a piece up in New Scientist last week (paywalled, sorry!), about a new analysis that suggests the universe is less homogeneous (more "lumpy") that most cosmologists believe. The piece was a bit different than my usual. Normally I do what people in the biz call "features": longer articles about general trends. This was a much more classic "news piece".
http://4gravitons.com/2026/05/08/bonus-info-for-100-year-old-assumption-about-the-universe-may-soon-be-overturned/
17 days ago
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reposted by
Kieran Healy
18 days ago
Odysseus: Kermit Penelope: Piggy Telemachus: Scooter Athena: Prairie Dawn Poseidon: Gonzo Circe: Abby Cadabby Calypso: Janice Polyphemus: Animal Hermes: Beaker Eumeaus: Beauregard Antinous: Timothée Chalamet Eurymachus: Pepe the King Prawn Eurycleia: Fozzie Argos: Rowlf
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I'd go for von Neumann. More prolific than either and would constantly get into political fights.
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18 days ago
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reposted by
Chad Orzel
19 days ago
Dirac.
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reposted by
James Davenport
20 days ago
So I think this is interesting... ELT (the largest optical telescope ever, currently being built) and the Sphere in Las Vegas are approximately the same size and cost, roughly speaking
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The Breakthrough Prize: I recognize a few of these names!
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Breakthrough Prize 2026
Because of last week's "bonus info" post, I'm only now getting around to commenting on this year's Breakthrough Prizes in Fundamental Physics. While I don't comment on them every year, I know enough about several of this year's winners that I figured a post would be helpful. For those who haven't heard of it, the Breakthrough Prizes are a bit like the Nobel, if it was created by a 21st century rich person instead of a 19th century one.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/05/01/breakthrough-prize-2026/
24 days ago
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I have a new piece out in New Scientist, on a recurring interest of mine: inhomogeneous cosmology. This one's paywalled, sorry! I might have "bonus info" on my blog later, I'm still thinking about whether it makes sense as a post.
www.newscientist.com/article/2524...
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100-year-old assumption about the universe may soon be overturned
Physicists have long assumed that the universe is uniform at very large scales, but evidence is emerging this is wrong and suggests a way to resolve some of the biggest cosmological mysteries
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2524208-100-year-old-assumption-about-the-universe-may-soon-be-overturned/
27 days ago
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As promised, my "bonus info" post on my jamming article with Quanta Magazine:
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Bonus Info for âQuantum âJammingâ Explores the Truly Fundamental Principles of Natureâ
I had a new piece in Quanta Magazine last week, about a hypothetical trick in theories beyond quantum mechanics called jamming. Sometimes, I get science news stories from contacts. Sometimes I see an academic post something cool on X or Bluesky. But when the stories aren't coming easy, I open up arXiv.org, click on "new", and start browsing. And occasionally, I spot something cool.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/04/24/bonus-info-for-quantum-jamming-explores-the-truly-fundamental-principles-of-nature/
about 1 month ago
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reposted by
Philip Ball
about 1 month ago
Ed is correct. In fact Davy at first suggested "alumium" before switching to "aluminum". Anyway, nice to meet you too.
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reposted by
SciPost
about 1 month ago
SciPost is a decade old! đ Looking back, we feel immense gratitude for your engagement and support, without which none of this would have been possible. You are our authors, Fellows, referees, readers, advisors, and sponsors: our everything. We hope you're ready for more; we certainly are.
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Jamming is a really cool "what if?", making use of some surprising loopholes. It was fun learning about this. For those who want to know more, I've got a "bonus info" blog post on the way.
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about 1 month ago
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Everything that can happen will happen. Thus, we can learn something about everything.
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A Window on Absolutely Everything
It's often said that in quantum physics, everything that can happen will happen. One way this comes up is in something called a path integral, used to calculate the probabilities of quantum events. If you want to find what happens to a particle traveling from point A to point B, you have to add up a contribution for every path, no matter how windy, that goes between A and B.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/04/17/a-window-on-absolutely-everything/
about 1 month ago
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Some more thoughts on "AI Physicists":
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What AI Physicists Are Missing and What They Arenât
I've seen a couple more thoughtful takes on use of LLMs for physics lately. This blog post by Minas Karamis is particularly nice. He points out something that I've said a version of: an AI that must be supervised like a student isn't very useful, because the main point of student projects isn't the paper at the end: it's training the student.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/04/10/what-ai-physicists-are-missing-and-what-they-arent/
about 2 months ago
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reposted by
Gregor
about 2 months ago
this plant grows orbifolds (the conical thing)
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Old news, with my thoughts on it:
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ArXiv to Leave Cornell
Yes, I'm late to the party on this one. A few weeks ago, arXiv.org announced that it will be leaving Cornell, the university that currently manages it, and establishing its own nonprofit. arXiv is a crucial part of the infrastructure for physics, mathematics, computer science, and a few related fields. Researchers post papers to arXiv as what are called "preprints" before the papers are submitted to a journal.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/04/03/arxiv-to-leave-cornell/
about 2 months ago
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reposted by
Benne W. Holwerda
about 2 months ago
Canât open windows in space!
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reposted by
Steven (with a PH)
about 2 months ago
POET: And, like a dying lady lean and pale, Who totters forth, wrappâd in a gauzy veil, Out of her chamber, led by the insane And feeble wanderings of her fading brain,The moon arose up in the murky east, A white and shapeless mass. OTHER ASTRONAUTS: [screaming] they should have sent a pilot
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Physicists of Bluesky! I'm writing a piece for
@quantamagazine.bsky.social
: "What is Mass?" a collection of different perspectives on mass in physics, in the vein of Natalie Wolchover's "What is a Particle?" piece a few years back. If you've got a cool perspective to share, send me a message!
about 2 months ago
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Scientists trust what they can verify. Journalists have to trust differently.
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Trust Is a Tree
Scientists trust what they think they can verify. In principle, you can work your way through the proof of every mathematical theorem. With enough money and time, you could replicate every experiment. For every expert opinion, you could dig through the literature and find how it was justified. And while a scientist can't actually do that for every field, they might be able to for the ones they care about most.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/03/27/trust-is-a-tree/
about 2 months ago
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If you see a physics paper crammed into six pages of two-column text, here's why:
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The Twitter of Physics
The paper I talked about last week was frustratingly short. That's not because the authors were trying to hide anything, or because they were lazy. It's just that these days, that's how the game is played. Twitter started out with a fun gimmick: all posts had to be under 140 characters. The restriction inspired some great comedy, trying to pack as much humor as possible into a bite-sized format.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/03/20/the-twitter-of-physics/
2 months ago
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reposted by
2 months ago
Went back to Twitter to check something and
@deontologistics.bsky.social
reminded me of this meme, I genuinely think the best meme to ever be produced by Philosophy Twitter.
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A few people have asked me about this paper. This is a long piece, but probably not all you were looking for.
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About the OpenAI Amplitudes Paper, but Not as Much as Youâd Like
I've had a bit more time to dig in to the paper I mentioned last week, where OpenAI collaborated with amplitudes researchers, using one of their internal models to find and prove a simplified version of a particle physics formula. I figured I'd say a bit about my own impressions from reading the paper and OpenAI's press release. …
http://4gravitons.com/2026/03/13/about-the-openai-amplitudes-paper-but-not-as-much-as-youd-like/
2 months ago
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reposted by
Philip Ball
2 months ago
I've been reminded more than once recently of something I think should be part of a start-of-career scientist's training: If you find yourself in disagreement with another school of thought, your job is not to write papers showing why the adherents of that school are all benighted fools. Rather...
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In which everyone is wrong about teaching:
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Practice, Donât Memorize, Understand Justifications, Not Stories
Teaching is one of those things that's always controversial. There seems to be a constant tug of war between two approaches. In one, thought of as old-fashioned and practical, students are expected to work hard, study to memorize facts and formulas, and end up with an impressive ability to reproduce the knowledge of the past. In the other, presented as more modern or more permissive, students aren't supposed to memorize, but to understand, to get intuition for how things work, and are expected to end up more creative and analytical, able to come up with new ideas and understand things in ways their predecessors could not.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/03/06/practice-dont-memorize-understand-justifications-not-stories/
3 months ago
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reposted by
Dr. SkySkull
3 months ago
A new paper on falling cat science came out and I just have to draw people's attention to this image
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Could we mechanize scientific creativity? Not with these papers!
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Hypothesis: If AI Is Bad at Originality, Itâs a Documentation Problem
Recently, a few people have asked me about this paper. A couple weeks back, OpenAI announced a collaboration with a group of amplitudes researchers, physicists who study the types of calculations people do to make predictions at particle colliders. The amplitudes folks had identified an interesting loophole, finding a calculation that many would have expected to be zero actually gave a nonzero answer.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/02/27/hypothesis-if-ai-is-bad-at-originality-its-a-documentation-problem/
3 months ago
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reposted by
John C. Baez
3 months ago
Pointy at one end - the painful sharp end when you first start reading it - and rounded at the other - the pleasant end when you've learned the material and are wanting to review it or look up precise details.
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A prose take on last week's topic:
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Most Academics Donât Choose Their Specialty
It's there in every biography, and many interviews: the moment the scientist falls in love with an idea. It can be a kid watching ants in the backyard, a teen peering through a telescope, or an undergrad seeing a heart cell beat on a slide. It's a story so common that it forms the heart of the public idea of a scientist: not just someone smart enough to understand the world, but someone passionate enough to dive in to their one particular area above all else.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/02/20/most-academics-dont-choose-their-specialty/
3 months ago
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reposted by
Gregor
3 months ago
advice from Dirac for whoever needs it
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This year's traditional Valentine's Day Physics Poem:
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Valentineâs Day Physics Poem 2026
Tomorrow is Valentine's Day, so it's time for this blog's yearly tradition of posting a poem. Next week there may be a prose take on the same topic. Youâve heard love stories like Oliverâs, Iâm sure.Meeting that childhood sweetheartIn the back room, with the garden viewAnd trust that, with a wink, the parents may regret.Stories tungsten-milled…
http://4gravitons.com/2026/02/13/valentines-day-physics-poem-2026/
3 months ago
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reposted by
SK Winnicki, PhD đłïžââ§ïž
3 months ago
Found an additional graphic that gets even more of these quotes together. I've kept "I hate myself, I hate clover, and I hate bees" pinned above my desk since I first started studying evolutionary biology as an undergraduate. So relatable to get extremely frustrated with your study system.
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Lots of debate over this Kaplan quote. I think even if we trusted him on the tech, he's missing the social factors.
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The Timeline for Replacing Theorists Is Not Technological
Quanta Magazine recently published a reflection by Natalie Wolchover on the state of fundamental particle physics. The discussion covers a lot of ground, but one particular paragraph has gotten the lion's share of the attention. Wolchover talked to Jared Kaplan, the ex-theoretical physicist turned co-founder of Anthropic, one of the foremost AI companies today. Kaplan was one of Nima Arkani-Hamed's PhD students, which adds an extra little punch.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/02/06/the-timeline-for-replacing-theorists-is-not-technological/
4 months ago
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Physicists of Bluesky! I'm looking for a specific type of story from the early days of cyclotron research, for a piece for
@physicstoday.bsky.social
. Have you heard tales of scientists who aligned beams with the naked eye? Know an older physicists who has? Let me know!
4 months ago
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What shapes academia's population pyramid?
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How Much Academic Attrition Is Too Much?
Have you seen "population pyramids"? They're diagrams that show snapshots of a population, how many people there are of each age. They can give you an intuition for how a population is changing, and where the biggest hurdles are to survival. I wonder what population pyramids would look like for academia. In each field and subfield, how many people are PhD students, …
http://4gravitons.com/2026/01/30/how-much-academic-attrition-is-too-much/
4 months ago
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Learn to separate what you were taught for school from what you were taught about the world:
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School Facts and Research Facts
As you grow up, teachers try to teach you how the world works. This is more difficult than it sounds, because teaching you something is a much harder goal than just telling you something. A teacher wants you to remember what you're told. They want you to act on it, and to generalize it. And they want you to do this not just for today's material, but to set a foundation for next year, and the next.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/01/23/school-facts-and-research-facts/
4 months ago
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reposted by
Christopher Berry
4 months ago
add a skeleton here at some point
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reposted by
Ben Brubaker
4 months ago
While I'm on the subject, I just rediscovered this thing I made shortly after buying my Fit in 2017. Is there an audience for Honda Fit x MTG x Quantum Field Theory content? We will find out!
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@chive.pub
does answer part of this question, thanks! Will be interesting seeing what that ends up looking like.
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4 months ago
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Blatant self-promotion, or a new approach to academic publishing?
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A Paper With a Bluesky Account
People make social media accounts for their pets. Why not a scientific paper? Anthropologist Ed Hagen made a Bluesky account for his recent preprint, "Menopause averted a midlife energetic crisis with help from older children and parents: A simulation study." The paper's topic itself is interesting (menopause is surprisingly rare among mammals, he has a plausible account as to why), but not really the kind of thing I cover here.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/01/16/a-paper-with-a-bluesky-account/
4 months ago
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Lots of discussion lately about whether physics has been making progress. Has medicine?
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On Theories of Everything and Cures for Cancer
Some people are disappointed in physics. Shocking, I know! Those people, when careful enough, clarify that they're disappointed in fundamental physics: not the physics of materials or lasers or chemicals or earthquakes, or even the physics of planets and stars, but the physics that asks big fundamental questions, about the underlying laws of the universe and where they come from.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/01/09/on-theories-of-everything-and-cures-for-cancer/
5 months ago
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reposted by
Jacob Aron
5 months ago
I'm convinced that assigning funding at random would lead to better outcomes. Put a quality control on it if you like, but if you are already losing half of the money to admin, losing a quarter to bad science/fraud instead would be preferable
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Anyone have any idea why this is happening?
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Where Are All These Views Coming From?
It's been a weird year. It's been a weird year for many reasons, of course. But it's been a particularly weird year for this blog. To start, let me show you a more normal year, 2024: Aside from a small uptick in January due to a certain unexpected announcement, this was a pretty typical year. I got 70-80 thousand views from 30-40 thousand unique visitors, spread fairly evenly throughout the year.
http://4gravitons.com/2026/01/02/where-are-all-these-views-coming-from/
5 months ago
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CERN just got a Newtonmas gift. We'll see what comes of it.
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For Newtonmas, One Seventeenth of a New Collider
Individual physicists don't ask for a lot for Newtonmas. Big collaborations ask for more. This year, CERN got its Newtonmas gift early: a one billion dollar pledge from a group of philanthropists and foundations, to be spent on their proposed new particle collider. That may sound like a lot of money (and of course it is), but it's only a fraction of the 15 billion euros that the collider is estimated to cost.
http://4gravitons.com/2025/12/26/for-newtonmas-one-seventeenth-of-a-new-collider/
5 months ago
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reposted by
Ray
5 months ago
And Tiny Tim, who did NOT die, was present at the end of the universe, having witnessed every black hole evaporate and every proton decay. Even so, Death would not come.
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reposted by
Katie Mack
5 months ago
I hope your gift unboxing went well! đ
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