On this day in 1830, North Carolina passed laws that criminalized teaching enslaved Black people to read and that made the repeated dissemination of anti-slavery pamphlets punishable by death.

On this day in 1960, 6-year-old Ruby Bridges integrated William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans, escorted by federal marshals. A white mob protested her arrival, screaming slurs.

Leonidas Polk is known to historians as "arguably the worst tactical or strategic military leader in the entire [Civil War.]" He was an enslaver who boasted about whipping Black people. His name was restored on a Louisiana army base earlier this year.

On this day in 1957, a Texas police chief threatened to jail local NAACP leaders for refusing to disclose confidential information about their members.

On this day in 1935, a white mob lynched 15-year-old Ernest Collins and 16-year-old Benny Mitchell in Colorado County, Texas. Officials later called the lynching “justice,” and no one was punished.

This #VeteransDay, EJI acknowledges the plight of many Black veterans who, instead of being treated as honored members of society upon their return from service, were often attacked, lynched, mistreated and abused.

On this day in 1831, an enslaved Black man named Nat Turner was hanged in Jerusalem, Virginia, after being convicted of leading a revolt against slavery.

Veterans are overrepresented on death row across the United States. The Death Penalty Information Center's new report explores the cases of veterans sentenced to death and the injustices they face in the criminal legal system.

The 1898 Wilmington massacre drastically changed the landscape of the city. Dozens of Black people were killed, countless Black businesses moved or closed, and thousands of Black families fled the city in the wake of the insurrection.

On November 10, 1898, a shocking coup was executed in Wilmington, North Carolina, as white mobs led by former Confederate Col. Alfred Moore Waddell overthrew the city’s elected biracial government and massacred 60 or more Black people.

On this day in 1898, a mob of as many as 1,000 white people waged a violent campaign to suppress African American voting in Phoenix, South Carolina, that left at least nine Black people dead. No one was ever held accountable.

On this day in 1889, a white mob abducted 18-year-old Orion “Owen” Anderson from jail in Leesburg, Virginia, and lynched him for allegedly frightening a white girl.

At least nine people have been killed in Alabama prisons in the last year; three of the deaths have been at Elmore Prison. The latest reported was Mikheal Gilliam who was stabbed on October 26.

On this day in 1931, a segregated Georgia hospital refused to admit Juliette Derricotte, dean of Fisk University, and one of her students after a serious car accident. They both died as a result.

On this day in 1947, police officers in Rochester, New York, shot and killed an unarmed Black military veteran named Roland T. Price. Though Mr. Price did not resist, the shooting was deemed "justified."

On this day in 1862, the U.S. government sentenced 303 members of the Dakota people to death for participating in the U.S.-Dakota War.

EJI Health has been growing since it opened in 2023. Physicians specializing in psychology, general medicine, ophthalmology, and substance abuse care provide services at no cost to patients.

On this day in 1874, a white mob engaged in Election Day violence against Black voters in Eufaula, Alabama, to suppress votes and ensure white supremacist victory at the polls.

On this day in 1920, a white mob in Ocoee, Florida, lynched as many as 30 Black Americans and razed the Black community because a Black man attempted to vote.

On this day in 1879, the Carlisle Indian School opened. This federally funded boarding school was designed to forcefully assimilate Native children.

In 2022, Congress passed legislation requiring the FCC to ensure "just and reasonable" charges for phone and video calls from jails and prisons. On Tuesday, the FCC undermined the legislation in passing a rate cap increase that could raise prices by 83%.

On this day in 1901, a white mob in Hodgenville, Kentucky, lynched Silas Esters and hung his body on the courthouse steps. Though members of the mob were named by the media, no one was held accountable.

On this day in 1967, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Rev. Ralph Abernathy began serving sentences in Birmingham after defying a city ban on anti-segregation protests.

The decision to rename nine Army bases in 2025 after men who fought against the U.S. to defend slavery is an active endorsement of those dangerous views and is insulting to most Black Americans.

On this day in 1869, a white mob in GA attacked Abram Colby, a formerly enslaved Black state legislator, after he refused a bribe to resign. The mob kidnapped him in front of his daughter and brutally whipped him. He survived with permanent injuries.

The Kissing Case shattered the lives of James Thompson and David Simpson and traumatized the entire Black community.

Sixty-six years ago, police in Monroe, North Carolina, arrested, jailed, and beat two Black children after a white girl kissed them on the cheek.

On this day in 1868, mobs of white people continued a massacre of at least 35 Black people in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, in an effort to suppress Black political participation.

On this day in 1866, the Texas legislature passed a law restricting when Black people could testify in court, limiting their testimony to cases that involved people of color.

On this day in 1989, Boston police officers harassed Black and interracial communities based on a false shooting charge of Charles Stuart, a white businessman.

Justice Sotomayor warned against the lengthy suffering Anthony Boyd—who was executed yesterday in Alabama—would endure as a result of nitrogen suffocation. A witness of Mr. Boyd's execution reported that it looked like he was "gasping for air."

On this day in 1961, Birmingham city officials announced they would close all city parks and swimming pools rather than permit Black citizens to use those facilities.

The state of Alabama executed Anthony Boyd by nitrogen suffocation today.

On this day in 1909, a white mob attempted to lynch a Black man near the U.S. Capitol, dispersing only after the police department promised to hand the man over to the mob the next day.

The State of Alabama plans to execute Anthony Boyd, 54, by nitrogen suffocation tomorrow. Mr. Boyd had an ineffective defense and despite challenging his conviction and sentence, no court has heard evidence supporting his innocence.

On this day in 1946, a Holmes County, Mississippi, court freed five white men charged with killing a Black man named Leon McAtee, even though one of the defendants had confessed to his own involvement in the murder and implicated the other four men.

On this day in 1835, a white mob angered by abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison's anti-slavery activism dragged him by a rope through the streets of Boston, threatening to kill him.

On this day in 1870, a Black politician named Wade Perrin was assassinated by a white mob one day after he was re-elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives.

On this day in 1960, 52 people, including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., were arrested in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, after refusing to leave their seats at segregated department store lunch counters.

On this day in 1933, a white mob of at least 2,000 in Princess Anne, MD, burned George Armwood to death. Four white men were ultimately tried for the lynching and acquitted by all-white juries.

On October 11, EJI celebrated the opening of Elevation Convening Center and Hotel with a transformative musical event featuring Branford Marsalis and Yo-Yo Ma.

On this day in 1871, rampant KKK violence forced President Grant to declare martial law in South Carolina. Many affluent Klan members fled to avoid arrest.

The Supreme Court on Monday refused to review the case of Stacey Humphreys, who was sentenced to death in Georgia after a single juror “bullied” the others into voting for death. Justice Sonia Sotomayor dissented from the Court’s decision.

On this day in 1968, Black Olympic medalists Tommie Smith and John Carlos faced death threats and expulsion for protesting racial inequality.

On this day in 1883, the Supreme Court struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875 which forbade racial discrimination in access to public accommodations and facilities.

On this day in 1834, authorities in Wheeling, a city in present-day West Virginia, charged four people with unlawful assembly for convening a literacy class for Black residents.

George Edward Pickett wrote that if he ever captured a Black soldier, "I should have caused him to be immediately executed." Pickett did not believe Black people could be equal to white people. A military base in Virginia once again bears his name.

On this day in 1920, the Black community in Roxboro, NC, was terrorized through an ongoing letter campaign by a white lynch mob trying to force Black people to leave town.

On this day in 1995, police in Brentwood, Pennsylvania, killed an unarmed Black man named Jonny Gammage at a traffic stop. An officer responsible was acquitted by an all-white jury and, a year later, promoted to sergeant.

On this day in 1921, two Tarrant County Texas sheriffs shot David Bunn, a handcuffed Black man, as he fled from a white mob attempting to lynch him. The sheriffs faced no accountability for Mr. Bunn’s murder.