Thompson Chau
@thomchau.bsky.social
📤 102
📥 23
📝 56
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club President | Myanmar, Taiwan and Asia | Usual caveats
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Chris Horton 何貴森
about 13 hours ago
Polish edition of
#GhostNation
just dropped Coming soon: Feb 2026 - US publication + book tour Spring 2026 - Publication of Chinese and Czech editions
0
2
1
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC)
about 1 month ago
The Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club organised a briefing with British Representative Ruth Bradley-Jones. We thank the British Office Taipei for their hospitality and the opportunity. The event was moderated by TFCC chair
@thomchau.bsky.social
. Photos: William Chen
0
1
1
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC)
10 days ago
The Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club hosted KMT party chair candidate Cheng Li-Wun and former KMT official Prof. Tso Chen-Dong for an in-depth discussion about the party’s leadership race. The event, moderated by
@thomchau.bsky.social
, drew a strong turnout among members. 📸:
@mikg.bsky.social
0
1
1
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC)
26 days ago
As the Kuomintang’s leadership race heats up, the Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club will be hosting two KMT insiders - former legislator and govt spox Cheng Li-Wun, and ex-KMT official and adviser to the 2024 presidential candidate Professor Tso Chen-Dong - for a discussion.
1
1
1
Taiwan must accelerate preparations to strengthen its resilience against China’s threats, President Lai Ching-te warned at a security conference on Saturday, pledging to spend the equivalent of 3.32% of Taiwan’s GDP on defence next year.
asia.nikkei.com/politics/int...
loading . . .
'No time to lose': Lai urges broad Taiwan defense and resilience buildup
Repeats vow to raise spending after report Trump stopped $400m in military aid
https://asia.nikkei.com/politics/international-relations/taiwan-tensions/no-time-to-lose-lai-urges-broad-taiwan-defense-and-resilience-buildup
14 days ago
1
1
1
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC)
20 days ago
On September 16, the Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club will organize a panel discussion about the country’s efforts to create a defense industrial supply chain. We will be joined by Rupert Hammond-Chambers of
@ustaiwan.bsky.social
and Cathy Fang of DSET.
0
2
2
Taiwan’s President Lai Ching-te is counting on a reshuffle of senior ministers and the ruling party apparatus to inject fresh energy into a government weighed down by legislative gridlock.
asia.nikkei.com/politics/tai...
20 days ago
1
1
1
In-depth investigation: Taiwan has reported an unprecedented number of subsea cable disruptions this year, raising concerns that China could be using fishing and cargo ships as cover for operations aimed at hitting Taiwan’s comms infrastructure.
@asia.nikkei.com
asia.nikkei.com/business/tec...
loading . . .
Inside Taiwan's fight to protect its vital undersea cables
Taipei fears key communication infrastructure is vulnerable to Chinese interference
https://asia.nikkei.com/business/technology/tech-asia/inside-taiwan-s-fight-to-protect-its-vital-undersea-cables
24 days ago
0
0
1
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Brian Hioe
24 days ago
Good piece in UDN on how some in the Taiwanese government misunderstand the situation in Myanmar and mistakenly think it is improving--hence concern that the government might not extend the visas of Myanmar students in Taiwan
global.udn.com/global_visio...
loading . . .
緬甸「恢復正常」?中緬聯手營造假象,台灣政府勿成迫害人權幫兇 | 轉角國際 udn Global
緬甸軍政府2025年8月底宣布,將在12月28日開始舉辦緬甸全國選舉。為了讓這場選舉大戲順利進行,軍政府終止了已經連續延長7次的國家緊急狀態,並在中國九三閱兵時表忠示好,期望讓理念相近的國家背書,承認年底的選舉結果。從一切跡象看來,緬甸並沒有恢復正常。台灣多個NGO跟幾個國際NGO在8月底發起連署信,呼籲台灣政府採取一切必要措施,確保處於危險中的緬甸人不被強制遣返回緬甸。切勿因為緬甸表面上解除了國...
https://global.udn.com/global_vision/story/8663/8993161?from=udn_ch2_menu_v2_main_index
1
6
3
The Kuomintang - the main opposition party in
#Taiwan
- is facing a leadership election after obliterating a campaign that tried to unseat its lawmakers. None of the bigwigs have declared their bids yet. Nikkei Asia looks at the KMT race so far.
asia.nikkei.com/politics/kmt...
loading . . .
KMT seeks next leader as Taiwan's political drama simmers
Internal race highlights opposition party's challenge of calibrating stance on China
https://asia.nikkei.com/politics/kmt-seeks-next-leader-as-taiwan-s-political-drama-simmers
26 days ago
0
0
0
Ahead of a referendum on reviving the Maanshan nuclear power plant, TPP chair Huang Kuo-chang argued that national security, data centres and the goal of achieving net-zero carbon emissions all demand a rethink on atomic energy for Taiwan.
asia.nikkei.com/editor-s-pic...
loading . . .
Taiwan needs nuclear restart for security, urges opposition party chief
TPP's Huang seeks 'yes' vote in Saturday referendum on reopening plant
https://asia.nikkei.com/editor-s-picks/interview/taiwan-needs-nuclear-restart-for-security-urges-opposition-party-chief
about 1 month ago
0
0
0
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC)
about 2 months ago
Please read the full statement on our website:
taiwanfcc.org/20250819-gaz...
0
33
18
Taiwan is feeling the sting of a 20% tariff imposed by the US despite months of quiet negotiations and public commitments, while efforts to strike a better deal risk becoming embroiled in domestic political wrangling.
asia.nikkei.com/economy/trad...
loading . . .
Sting of 20% US tariff inflames Taiwan's domestic political battle
Former trade czar says Taipei should not face 'worse' terms than Asian neighbors
https://asia.nikkei.com/economy/trade-war/trump-tariffs/sting-of-20-us-tariff-inflames-taiwan-s-domestic-political-battle
about 2 months ago
0
0
0
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC)
about 2 months ago
The Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club hosted KMT grandee, ex-foreign minister and Taichung mayor Jason Hu for a book talk. Hu talked about his decades-long public life, memories at Oxford, the KMT and Taiwan’s future. Event was moderated by
@thomchau.bsky.social
. Photos:
@demesdavid.bsky.social
0
2
1
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC)
2 months ago
For the next installment of our monthly TFCCxATJ Talk Series on Wednesday, August 13, the Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club has invited writer and translator
linkinglionking.bsky.social
to talk about Taiwanese literature on the world stage
1
7
8
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Lev Nachman
2 months ago
For
@foreignaffairs.com
,
@poscwty1.bsky.social
and I write about how polarization in Taiwan has reached dangerous levels. Partisan politics needs an off-ramp, both for the sake of Taiwan’s national security, and its ability to function as a democracy.
www.foreignaffairs.com/taiwan/taiwa...
loading . . .
Taiwan’s Democracy Is in Trouble
How polarization undermines security.
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/taiwan/taiwans-democracy-trouble
1
49
20
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC)
2 months ago
Last Friday, the Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club hosted Vice President 蕭美琴 Bi-khim Hsiao for an exclusive briefing.
1
3
1
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC)
2 months ago
The event was moderated by TFCC chair
@thomchau.bsky.social
. Photos by
@mikg.bsky.social
0
3
1
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Michael Turton
2 months ago
Nikkei .... But it is pouring here in Taichung at 8 am. Turnout will take a hit early. Hopefully it will clear in a bit
asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Tai...
loading . . .
Taiwan's KMT faces reckoning as lawmakers confront recall votes
Voters could shift Taipei's political dynamics for ruling government
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Taiwan-s-KMT-faces-reckoning-as-lawmakers-confront-recall-votes?fbclid=IwQ0xDSwLw-bhleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHoq9QBgM59mG_wxsq3h25m4p0XcBAjyXGevwzM5wwBwvpKvXQ30WgCo6tzYj_aem_AIyqhmUCraFnyfo3TN7mPA
0
3
2
Good morning from Taichung, where voting has started! Today voters will determine the future of 24 incumbent KMT legislators across Taiwan as part of a mass recall movement. Nikkei Asia has just published a curtain raiser to kick off the big day
asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Tai...
loading . . .
Taiwan's KMT faces reckoning as lawmakers confront recall votes
Voters could shift Taipei's political dynamics for ruling government
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Taiwan-s-KMT-faces-reckoning-as-lawmakers-confront-recall-votes
2 months ago
0
1
2
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Michael Turton
3 months ago
Nikkei compiled this selected list of KMT policy proposals that have sparked public ire. Many more could be listed.
0
9
4
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Sense Hofstede
3 months ago
Taiwan’s hot political summer: KMT lawmakers face wave of recall votes – Nikkei Asia: ‘Some experts in Taipei say the KMT overplayed its hand after last year’s elections.’
loading . . .
Taiwan's hot political summer: KMT lawmakers face wave of recall votes
Campaigners aiming to oust opposition incumbents say effort is 'last line of defense'
https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Policy-Asia/Taiwan-s-hot-political-summer-KMT-lawmakers-face-wave-of-recall-votes
1
3
1
A movement seeking to recall KMT legislators has stunned
#Taiwan’s
establishment with its momentum, crystallising protest at KMT attempts to challenge Lai’s administration that have affected govt budgets, defence programmes, judiciary and foreign policies. Feature:
asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Po...
loading . . .
Taiwan's hot political summer: KMT lawmakers face wave of recall votes
Campaigners aiming to oust opposition incumbents say effort is 'last line of defense'
https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Policy-Asia/Taiwan-s-hot-political-summer-KMT-lawmakers-face-wave-of-recall-votes
3 months ago
0
2
1
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Michael Turton
3 months ago
Excellent
asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Po...
loading . . .
Taiwan's hot political summer: KMT lawmakers face wave of recall votes
Campaigners aiming to oust opposition incumbents say effort is 'last line of defense'
https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Policy-Asia/Taiwan-s-hot-political-summer-KMT-lawmakers-face-wave-of-recall-votes
0
7
3
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC)
3 months ago
The Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC) will be hosting Vice President 蕭美琴 Bi-khim Hsiao for a members-only briefing on Friday, July 18th. The session will be moderated by TFCC chair
@thomchau.bsky.social
1
3
2
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Chhiū-ông-kong 樹王公
3 months ago
@thomchau.bsky.social
on the recalls with special attention to KMT position as articulated by a senior leader firmly in the Ma camp. The recalls are not going to change their China policy founded on the 1992 consensus but they support increased defense spending.
asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Tai...
loading . . .
Taiwan's KMT defends 'One China' stance as no-confidence votes approach
Opposition official says island had 'stable' ties with Beijing under his party
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Taiwan-s-KMT-defends-One-China-stance-as-no-confidence-votes-approach
0
5
2
The KMT has reaffirmed its support for “One China” and vowed to fend off the recall votes this summer. “We will be following the constitution - which is a One China constitution - and we will be following the 1992 consensus,” KMT vice chair Andrew Hsia said.
asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Tai...
loading . . .
Taiwan's KMT defends 'One China' stance as no-confidence votes approach
Opposition official says island had 'stable' ties with Beijing under his party
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Taiwan-s-KMT-defends-One-China-stance-as-no-confidence-votes-approach
3 months ago
0
2
0
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Sense Hofstede
4 months ago
Taiwan chip tycoon Robert Tsao warns China has ‘Trojan horse’ in KMT that must be voted out – Nikkei Asia: ‘“Beijing wants to use the KMT to annex Taiwan,” Tsao said at his Taipei office.’ ‘Tsao blamed the KMT and TPP for political dysfunction.’
loading . . .
Taiwan chip tycoon warns China has 'Trojan horse' that must be voted out
UMC founder Robert Tsao aims to recall opposition KMT lawmakers, bolster defense
https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/Taiwan-chip-tycoon-warns-China-has-Trojan-horse-that-must-be-voted-out
0
5
5
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC)
3 months ago
Announcement: The Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club recently elected a new leadership for the year 2025-2026. The new board of directors are: Thompson Chau (Chairman)
@thomchau.bsky.social
David Demes (Vice Chairman)
@demesdavid.bsky.social
Brian Hioe
@brianhioe.bsky.social
1
4
3
Auterion CEO: “We should assume numbers [drones needed for Taiwan] that match what we see in Ukraine, which means you start with hundreds of thousands and go into the millions. There is no alternative because drones are the new possession munitions.”
asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Pic...
loading . . .
'No alternative' to millions of drones for Taiwan defense: Auterion CEO
US-German company to provide software already deployed in Ukraine war
https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/No-alternative-to-millions-of-drones-for-Taiwan-defense-Auterion-CEO
3 months ago
0
0
0
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC)
3 months ago
The Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club hosted Conservative MP, former cabinet member and defence secretary Sir Gavin Williamson for a talk yesterday. Sir Gavin, who’s on a trip in Taipei, engaged in a wide-ranging discussion with members.
1
1
1
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Chhiū-ông-kong 樹王公
3 months ago
@thomchau.bsky.social
with a useful look at these cases.
asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Int...
loading . . .
Taiwan reckons with alleged Chinese spying close to halls of power
President Lai seeks countermeasures as espionage cases surge
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Taiwan-tensions/Taiwan-reckons-with-alleged-Chinese-spying-close-to-halls-of-power
0
1
1
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC)
3 months ago
The Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club will be hosting former UK Secretary of State for Defence Sir Gavin Williamson for a timely briefing next month. Details have been sent to members via email.
taiwanfcc.org/20250703-wil...
0
1
1
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC)
3 months ago
Longtime TFCC member and former VP
@heguisen.bsky.social
’s new book Ghost Nation: The Story of Taiwan and its Struggle for Survival will hit shelves in mid-July. The TFCC is organizing a group pre-order for Taiwan residents. Secure your copy here:
docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1F...
0
6
3
The Philippines has waived tourist visa requirements for Taiwan passport holders. “Beijing’s effort to deter Manila’s embrace of Taiwan is not working,” commented
@zsuzsettte.bsky.social
. “It has backfired and is helping normalise cooperation with Taiwan.”
asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Int...
loading . . .
Philippines waives visas for visitors from Taiwan in boost for ties
Move continues Marcos' outreach as both sides face pressure from China
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Philippines-waives-visas-for-visitors-from-Taiwan-in-boost-for-ties
4 months ago
0
3
1
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Dr. Zsuzsa A. Ferenczy
4 months ago
Visa-free entry reciprocation between Taiwan & the Philippines suggests both recognize the urgency of deepening exchanges against a hostile China. Neither can afford to ignore the other, they know they must improve exchanges & access. Quoted in Nikkei Asia. 🙏🏼
@thomchau.bsky.social
t.co/6KB036q7wo
loading . . .
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Philippines-waives-visas-for-visitors-from-Taiwan-in-boost-for-ties
https://t.co/6KB036q7wo
1
4
4
Chip tycoon Robert Tsao is a key figure in a social movement to break the opposition-led legislature’s resistance to Lai’s security and defence reforms. He explains to Nikkei Asia why he thinks voting out KMT lawmakers is vital for Taiwan’s survival and security.
asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Pic...
loading . . .
Taiwan chip tycoon warns China has 'Trojan horse' that must be voted out
UMC founder Robert Tsao aims to recall opposition KMT lawmakers, bolster defense
https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/Taiwan-chip-tycoon-warns-China-has-Trojan-horse-that-must-be-voted-out
4 months ago
0
2
1
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Chhiū-ông-kong 樹王公
5 months ago
Quite the coup for Nikkei Asia--first foreign media interview with President Lai in office. Lai explains why he put forward his 17 securitization proposals in response trebled espionage prosecutions and infiltration by groups like the Chinese Unification Party.
asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Pic...
loading . . .
Taiwan's Lai urges 'non-red' supply chain to counter 'unfair' China trade
President calls on Japan to play leadership role in a changing Indo-Pacific
https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/Taiwan-s-Lai-urges-non-red-supply-chain-to-counter-unfair-China-trade
1
7
5
EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW- President Lai Ching-te on Taiwan’s relations with the US, Japan, China & the world, how he’ll work with DC & Tokyo, his national security reforms, Beijing’s infiltration, chips, supply chain, tariffs & the changing international order
asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Pic...
loading . . .
Taiwan's Lai urges 'non-red' supply chain to counter 'unfair' China trade
President calls on Japan to play leadership role in a changing Indo-Pacific
https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/Taiwan-s-Lai-urges-non-red-supply-chain-to-counter-unfair-China-trade
5 months ago
0
1
1
Taiwan’s former President Tsai Ing-wen is set to pay her first visit to the UK since leaving office, Nikkei Asia can exclusively reveal, in a trip that demonstrates the two sides’ warming relationship amid China and Russia’s hostilities.
asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Int...
loading . . .
Taiwan's former President Tsai Ing-wen to visit UK
Private trip underscores closer ties and shared values
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Taiwan-s-former-President-Tsai-Ing-wen-to-visit-UK
5 months ago
0
0
0
A close friend from
#Myanmar
shared their thoughts about international journalism just now. (Permission given to share.) I hope correspondents who are flying to/ have arrived in Thailand will take a look 👇
#earthquakemyanmar
6 months ago
1
4
3
Taiwan is vital to answering the question of how to strengthen Europe’s defence supply chain, Czech senator Pavel Fischer told Nikkei Asia during his visit in Taipei, warning bloc members against allowing China to dictate their engagement with Taiwan’s government.
asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Pic...
loading . . .
EU should work with Taiwan on defense supply chain, says key Czech senator
Pavel Fischer cites Ukraine lessons, backs Lai's goal of 'non-red' network
https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/EU-should-work-with-Taiwan-on-defense-supply-chain-says-key-Czech-senator
6 months ago
0
0
0
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Chris Horton 何貴森
6 months ago
The KMT is closer than ever to its old nemesis, the Chinese Communist Party. Many Taiwanese who seek to maintain their sovereignty are worried.
www.chinafile.com/reporting-op...
0
15
8
Taiwan can elevate its global position by incorporating international human rights standards into its business practices in places where such rights are under threat, such as Myanmar, Global Network Initiative chair and ex-UK ambassador to Myanmar Vicky Bowman said.
asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Pic...
loading . . .
Taiwan Inc. has example to set in Myanmar: ex-diplomat Vicky Bowman
Former U.K. envoy urges companies to increase wages, protect rights
https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/Taiwan-Inc.-has-example-to-set-in-Myanmar-ex-diplomat-Vicky-Bowman
7 months ago
0
0
0
The new leader of Taiwan People’s Party insisted that defence spending must not be “indiscriminate,” while accusing the DPP’s President Lai Ching-te of seeking “one-party rule”. Huang Kuo-chang sat down with Nikkei Asia in his first int’l media interview since taking the helm.
loading . . .
New Taiwan opposition leader vows to fight 'indiscriminate' defense outlays
TPP's Huang Kuo-chang accuses president of trying to impose 'one-party rule'
https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/New-Taiwan-opposition-leader-vows-to-fight-indiscriminate-defense-outlays
7 months ago
0
0
0
U.K. making ‘constant effort’ to include Taiwan globally: departing envoy - Nikkei Asia
asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Pic...
loading . . .
U.K. making 'constant effort' to include Taiwan globally: departing envoy
John Dennis says more economic deals, naval transits in cards despite China pressure
https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/U.K.-making-constant-effort-to-include-Taiwan-globally-departing-envoy
7 months ago
0
0
0
reposted by
Thompson Chau
Chhiū-ông-kong 樹王公
7 months ago
Probably your best option is to regularly read Kathrin Hille in the Financial Times and
@thomchau.bsky.social
in
@asia.nikkei.com
. Both have deep Taiwan knowledge and are sensitive to the broader context. I can't think of a single comprehensive article or paper to read. Things are moving too fast.
0
1
1
Top Taiwanese officials have doubled down on vows to boost defense spending and increase imports from the US at the Halifax int’l security forum in Taipei, amid escalating rows between Trump and traditional allies including Ukraine’s leader.
asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Int...
loading . . .
Taiwan doubles down on defense buildup, eyes Trump-Ukraine row 'carefully'
Security chief tells forum Taipei 'did not steal anything,' after White House chip criticism
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Taiwan-tensions/Taiwan-doubles-down-on-defense-buildup-eyes-Trump-Ukraine-row-carefully
8 months ago
0
1
0
Taiwan’s water supply faces growing pressures from industrial expansion and climate change, a new report by DSET and Environmental Rights Foundation warns. Water demand from semiconductor production will grow even more and will strain resources.
asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/En...
loading . . .
Taiwan water supply faces rising pressure from tech boom, climate change
Report urges more incentives and investments to address 'systemic' challenges
https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Environment/Climate-Change/Taiwan-water-supply-faces-rising-pressure-from-tech-boom-climate-change
8 months ago
0
0
1
Our feature on Taiwan’s drone ambitions is out! With the war in Ukraine demonstrating how even modest drones can help a small country fight a much larger adversary, Taiwan is racing to build an ambitious self-sufficient drone production ecosystem to deter Beijing. 1/3
asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Po...
loading . . .
Taiwan's drone ambitions take off in Trump-China haze
Taipei hopes to work with U.S. and overcome Beijing's supply chain dominance
https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Policy-Asia/Taiwan-s-drone-ambitions-take-off-in-Trump-China-haze
8 months ago
1
0
0
Load more
feeds!
log in