For more of Mary Church Terrell's story, I recommend Alison Parker's Unceasing Militant from @uncpress.bsky.social but also Mary Church Terrell's autobiography, A Colored Woman in a White World. Terrell kept fighting and picketed segregated restaurants in the 1950s #HATM archive.org/details/colo...

If you want to learn more about this complicated history and the #ERA, check out my book #GenderedCitizenship. (5) #HATM

You wouldn't know from #suffs or most published suffrage histories but 1920 was not the end of the suffrage movement in the U.S. The 19th Amendment simply did not apply to the colonial possessions of Puerto Rico, the Philippines, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. #hatm www.oah.org/process/prie...

Thanks for having me!!! I learned a lot. Now I want to have another suffrage conference where we get together and share all the most minute, most obscure facts that we know about suffrage.

#ERA time! HOWEVER, Alice Paul and the NWP did not instantly pursue or (for that matter) even come up with the idea for the ERA during the immediate aftermath of the Nineteenth Amendment. (1) #HATM

Give it up for @cathleendcahill.bsky.social @kmarino1.bsky.social @lmacthompson1.bsky.social @wendylrouse.bsky.social @laurarprieto.bsky.social @foodandarchives.bsky.social @rebeccadewolfphdbs.bsky.social & @allisonklange.bsky.social #HATM #Suffs

My book picks up here as Paul and the NWP move on to the ERA - they rejected birth control almost from the get-go. Why - well. it was complicated. #suffs #HATM

After her husband died in 1905, Catt was with Mollie for 38 years. They were buried together. #HATM #SUFFS

My 10 year old is watching #suffs with me. She informs me that this part is real - that Senator Byrne's mom really did tell him to vote yes! #HATM

Wilson's address to the Senate on the 19th amendment: "We have made partners of the women in this war; shall we admit them only to a partnership of suffering and sacrifice and toil and not to a partnership of privilege and right? #HATM

This is one of the liveliest & most informative #HATM conversation that we have had - yes? Loving it. #SUFFS Great work, @phdrachel.bsky.social & all the historians & viewers who joined us, esp the experts on female suffrage.

Lol: "no its the ghost of Susan B. Anthony" #HATM

In Oklahoma, antis argued that passing suffrage during the war was unpatriotic & harmful to the "boys" serving in WWI, because when they got back their vote would be worth half of what it was when they left. #HATM #Suffs #PBSGreatPerformances

NAWSA positioned themselves as the patriotic ones but they weren't just taking heat from the NWP for it but also a very large and very organized anti-suffrage movement #HATM "Patriotic women serve their country without hope of reward. Vote NO - November 6, 1917" share.google/YuAlXYo5xEIJ...

They called it the “night of terror.” Force feeding is a very violent practice as Alice Paul knew well, having gone on hunger strike and been force fed during her imprisonment for suffrage activism in England in 1909. www.loc.gov/resource/rbc... #hatm #suffs

I did not know this before but the NWP held a memorial service for Inez Millholland in 1924 and wouldn't let Black women attend 🤦‍♀️ her dad stood up at the service and basically was like "wtf, she advocated they be part of your big march and she wouldnt have wanted this." #hatm

“How long must women wait for liberty?” #HATM #SUFFS

This is my spicy historiographical take

so when Catt and Paul are arguing about "tearing the movement in two" - that had indeed already happened in the wake of the 15th amendment with the split between the NWSA and AWSA. #hatm this break between NWP and NAWSA in my opinion was fundamentally different

Ok so this argument between Terrell & Wells is hitting home bc in ch 2 of my forthcoming book I talk about how Mary Ware Dennett & Martha Gruening talk about how much they want Terrell to speak at the next NAWSA convention. Partly bc they want to tick off Southern suffragists like Laura Clay 😬 #HATM

Oh my gosh this whole song "If we were married" --- if historians Nancy Cott, Linda Kerber, Jan Lewis, Ellen DuBois wrote a musical haha #hatm

I eventually learned that many English suffrage activists often also rejected the radical term "suffragette" -- and that some radical Americans embraced it. #hatm

Omg THIS. It grates on me!!!!

Yeah I just did a double-take at my TV!

Suffrage, like abolition and civil rights, won’t break thru until international affairs create the impetus for reform. Wilson won’t go for suffrage until it helps him try to control the peace & establish the League of Nations. #HATM #Suffs #PBSGreatPerformances

The image of the self-sacrificing suffragist who gives up marriage and children for the vote was/is a way of explaining away why some suffragists didn’t fit the heteronormative ideal. Many suffragists were in fact not heterosexual and/or deliberately chose not to marry or have children. #HATM

NAWSA kept careful notes on each & every Senator and Representative in Congress, using the card index to tailor their arguments to the individual. www.nps.gov/articles/lob... #hatm #suffs

Let's remember that Woodrow Wilson was simultaneously segregating the civil service using fears that white women, a growing presence in gov service, would have to work with Black men. Carrie Williams Clifford, a DC suffragist's husband had his salary cut as part of that process #HATM #Suffs

This testimony reminds us about who isn't included in historical sources because none of the Black #suffs who marched were interviewed by the Senate, but they were there! And we know many of their names thanks to Carrie Williams Clifford who wrote an article in the Crisis about their participation

I have to admit I really know nothing about NWP secretary Doris Stevens! #hatm

This fight about the Black suffragists marching has def been glossed over in terms of Paul. For example Mary Ware Dennett and others wrote to Paul weeks before the march urging her to not force them to the back. Paul earned real side-eye from Dennett, Ashley,& Crystal Eastman for this move #hatm

“Deeds Not Words” was the motto of the British suffragettes of the WSPU. Alice Paul learned all her activist tactics from them while in London. #HATM

BTW the recurring #suffs slogan "Finish the Fight" is the title of a great suffrage history for younger readers by Veronica Chambers! bookshop.org/p/books/fini... #HATM #FinishTheFight

Ida B. Wells' story is so powerful, we get just the tip of the iceberg here. Nikki M. James @nikkimjames.bsky.social gives such a fantastic performance! Check out @michelleduster.bsky.social's book _Ida B the Queen_ www.simonandschuster.com/books/Ida-B-... #HATM #Suffs

Radicals like Ruza Wenclawska found mixed reception even in the more "radical" wing of the suffrage movement but the divide was most clear between activists like Emma Goldman and the "gilded suffragists" (h/t to the wonderful Johanna Neuman's book there) like Katherine Duer Mackay #hatm

Enter THE Inez Milholland. #HATM

Another favorite suffragist of mine is artist Rose O'Neill, creator of the Kewpie. Her impish Kewpie dolls campaigned for Votes for Mothers too. #HATM #suffs

The younger more radical v. older curmudgeonly conservative activist is a common theme in social movement histories. In reality each new generation of activists built on the gains made by previous generations of activists (each radical within their own context). #HATM

The purple came from the British Women's Social and Political Union's (WSPU) Purple, Green, and White. 💜🤍💚Alice Paul had worked with British suffragists as a student and she borrowed the purple and white and added white. 💜🤍💛 #HATM #Suffs

So "let mother vote" was a long continuation of women's involvement in the "associational state" (women's work for temperance, public health, maternalist initiatives, etc). #hatm The argument was that women deserved the vote BECAUSE they were women/mothers.

California suffragist Ella Sexton speaking at a 1913 suffrage convention told suffragists to “be as attractive, as charming and as lovable as you possibly can. That is the way to win equal suffrage from men.” #HATM

Oh and Jessie Ashley who died way too young from influenza and was a lady lawyer badass #hatm

Ok got home earlier than I thought so watching mostly live with you all! #hatm. My favorite suffragists are Mary Ware Dennett, Ida B. Wells, and Martha Gruening

Tomorrow! There’s going to be a great group of #sufrqge scholars in conversation- join us!

I am watching Suffs early today because I am traveling/dealing with kid stuff this evening but I will be online to post/amplify and add my thoughts. Already have a lot to say just about the opening number which is basically the first half of my book ha #hatm

It took #HATM 🗃️ + @phdrachel.bsky.social to push me past my fear of watching SUFFS. Now I'm lined up w the fab @kmarino1.bsky.social @lmacthompson1.bsky.social @wendylrouse.bsky.social @rebeccadewolfphdbs.bsky.social @foodandarchives.bsky.social @cathleendcahill.bsky.social See you at the gates 🔥

When @herberthistory.bsky.social agreed to do SUFFS I put out the call & suffrage historians of Bsky assembled Join me Sunday w/ @kmarino1.bsky.social @lmacthompson1.bsky.social @wendylrouse.bsky.social @laurarprieto.bsky.social @rebeccadewolfphdbs.bsky.social @foodandarchives.bsky.social #HATM 🗃️

I have inbox zero and my task list has been ruthlessly dealt with to clear the decks for FINALLY finishing this book and going up for tenure this summer. Don't email me and don't ask me to do anything until August 😂