Maksym Kovalenko
@maksymuki.bsky.social
📤 148
📥 96
📝 44
Professor at ETH Zurich and Empa
Perovskite semiconductors CsPbX3 can simply be melt-cast in a conventional chemical laboratory, yielding inexpensive and excellent X-ray detector arrays.
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
10 days ago
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Electrochemical Control over Electron Density of InAs Quantum Dots
Control over the electron density and conductivity is a cornerstone of semiconductor technology. Here, we report electrochemical control over electron density and conductivity in films of InAs colloidal quantum dots (QDs) capped with ethanedithiol ligands. The quantum-confined twofold degenerate 1S1/2(e) electron state can be reversibly and completely filled. Increasing the electron population yields four bleach features in the optical-absorption spectrum associated transitions to the 1S1/2(e) state, and state-resolved electronic conductivity which follows the 1S1/2(e) density of states, reaching a maximum of 0.45 S/m at 0.5 electrons per QD. The absence of 1P(e) bleach features and state-resolved conductivity imply a wide separation between the 1S1/2(e) and 1P(e) states resulting in electronic transport between 1S(e) states exclusively. The reversible electrochemistry of InAs QDs films allows determination of the absolute energy levels. InAs QDs of 4.2 nm in edge length and capped with ethanedithiol ligands are natively n-doped with the Fermi level at −4.6 eV, the 1S1/2(e) state at −4.28 eV and the 1S3/2(h) state at −5.54 eV vs vacuum. This work establishes a way to precisely control the charge carrier density and conductivity and gives insights into the charge transport properties and electronic structure of InAs QD films, opening the possibility of making devices with InAs QDs in which the charge carrier density is precisely controlled electrochemically.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jacs.5c21128
10 days ago
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NQR of halide nuclei is extremely helpful, simple and affordable as a solid-state characterization method. Think of it as magnet-free NMR... Our group shows, for example, that you can sense small difference in the crystallinity of bulk cesium lead halide perovskites.
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
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Noninvasive Quality Assessment of Melt-Grown Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy
Melt-grown, highly crystalline CsPbBr3 has been intensely investigated as a semiconductor for direct hard radiation detection. While the phase purity and crystallinity of the CsPbBr3 ingots are assess...
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5c02047
25 days ago
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Solid-state electrolytes (SSE) are the cornerstone of the solid state battery. They must be included also into the positive electrode architecture. What are our current choices, pros and cons of each? We discuss that in our latest perspective in ACS Energy Letters.
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
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Navigating the Catholyte Landscape in All-Solid-State Batteries
All-solid-state batteries are widely regarded as the next frontier in electrochemical energy storage, offering the potential to surpass the energy density and safety limits of conventional lithium-ion batteries. Among the factors governing their performance, paramount are the choice and functionality of the solid-state electrolyte (SSE) as a catholyte within the composite positive electrode. This perspective critically examines the applicability and potential of the three most intensively studied inorganic SSE families, namely oxides, sulfides, and chlorides, as catholytes. We discuss their respective advantages, limitations, and compatibility with common cathode active materials, as well as the remaining knowledge gaps. We then assess whether any of the current SSE classes can be employed as a stand-alone SSE for all-solid-state batteries, or whether composite architectures combining multiple SSEs will ultimately be required.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c03429
about 1 month ago
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Mitigating Ion Migration with Alternating Voltage for Stable Perovskite Image Sensors
Perovskite photodetectors have emerged as a potential replacement for silicon photodiodes in modern cameras due to their high sensitivity to visible light and ability to be easily integrated into existing electronics. However, the use of perovskite photodetectors in conventional CMOS image sensors requires the application of reverse bias, which can lead to unstable detector performance due to ion migration effects. In this article, we propose a new approach that involves the application of forward voltage pulses to attenuate ion migration while still enabling the capture of photocurrent under reverse bias. Our results show that using this technique after each cycle of signal integration allows for stable operation of perovskite photodetectors for over 180 h, while applying a constant reverse bias leads to degradation within just 10 min. Additionally, we demonstrate stable imaging using alternating voltage and 8 × 8 crossbar arrays of perovskite photodetectors.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsami.5c18552
about 2 months ago
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A new highly relevant application of inorganic lead halide perovskites from our group, as a LIDAR sensor, leveraging their light absorption and defect-tolerant electronic properties, particularly fast photoconductivity transients.
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/...
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Perovskite‐based time‐domain signal‐balancing LiDAR sensor with centimeter depth resolution
In this study, we present a monolithic high-speed perovskite-based photodetector capable of directly sensing the time delay between two light pulses with a temporal resolution of at least 170 ps. Thi...
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/inf2.70104
about 2 months ago
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www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
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Low-Pressure Cycling of Lithium Metal Anodes with Argyrodite Solid-State Electrolytes Enabled by an Sb-Based Interfacial Layer
This study presents a facile and scalable methodology to achieve stable cycling of lithium metal anodes in argyrodite-type Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl)-based soli…
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2405829725007585
2 months ago
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solid-state NMR captures much more information about our materials, then we can fully see and comprehend. an everlasting learning curve.
pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10....
2 months ago
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8+ years of this project, with long breaks, yielding novel route to InAs QDs. Such acylpnictide precursors are scalable, inexpensive and versatile.
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/...
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Air‐Stable Aluminum Tris[Bis(mesitoyl)Arsenide] Precursor for Metal Arsenide Quantum Dots
Aluminum tris[bis(mesitoyl)arsenide]: a new enin metal–arsenide QD synthesis.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hlca.202500162
3 months ago
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Our battery folks work only on hard problems - that is all-solid-state batteries. Each such step matters to eventually devise an architecture with good interfaces, practical energy and power densities.
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
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Dual-Layer Li Metal All-Solid-State Battery Based on an Argyrodite-type Li6PS5Cl Catholyte and a Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 Separator
The integration of argyrodite-type Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) in solid-state batteries faces significant challenges due to their chemical reactivity with lithium metal, which pre...
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.5c02435
3 months ago
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reposted by
Maksym Kovalenko
Nanoge Conferences
4 months ago
Organizers @mvkovalenko,Grigorios Itskos & @M_Bodnarchuk kick off
#EMLEM25
@nanoGe_Conf with inspiring opening remarks! Ready to dive into Perovskite, III-V & Zn-Chalcogenide QDs, IR-emissive nanomaterials, Metal Halides and 2D light-emitting materials 🔗
https://www.nanoge.org/EMLEM24/home
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reposted by
Maksym Kovalenko
Nanoge Conferences
4 months ago
🙌Following an inspiring morning at
#EMLEM25,
the community gathered for a group photo. 📸 Excited to explore the latest advances in light-emitting materials and their innovative applications. Inspiring sessions ahead! 🔗
https://www.nanoge.org/EMLEM25/home
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This paper concludes the chapter on cationic ligands for perovskite nanocrystals. or not? We will see. It also sorts diverse ligands based on how tightly and how dynamically they bind.
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
5 months ago
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In this article, we aim to guide the proper characterization of emerging materials as X-ray detectors, particularly for low-dose imaging applications. Kudos, in particular, to K.Sakhatskyi and S. Yakunin , In partnership with Prof. Jinsong Huang
advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/...
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Characterizing Emerging Detector Materials for Low‐Dose X‐Ray Imaging
X-ray medical imaging requires detectors that deliver images at as low as reasonably possible dose. This perspective outlines a universal characterization framework of X-ray imaging detectors, suitab...
https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202512795
5 months ago
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This monumental effort, undertaken by many outstanding co-authors, including several invited speakers from the Nanax 2023 conference, which we co-organized, is now online. Special kudos to Maria Ibáñez and her team.
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
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Prospects of Nanoscience with Nanocrystals: 2025 Edition
Nanocrystals (NCs) of various compositions have made important contributions to science and technology, with their impact recognized by the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery and synthesis of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Over four decades of research into NCs has led to numerous advancements in diverse fields, such as optoelectronics, catalysis, energy, medicine, and recently, quantum information and computing. The last 10 years since the predecessor perspective “Prospect of Nanoscience with Nanocrystals” was published in ACS Nano have seen NC research continuously evolve, yielding critical advances in fundamental understanding and practical applications. Mechanistic insights into NC formation have translated into precision control over NC size, shape, and composition. Emerging synthesis techniques have broadened the landscape of compounds obtainable in colloidal NC form. Sophistication in surface chemistry, jointly bolstered by theoretical models and experimental findings, has facilitated refined control over NC properties and represents a trusted gateway to enhanced NC stability and processability. The assembly of NCs into superlattices, along with two-dimensional (2D) photolithography and three-dimensional (3D) printing, has expanded their utility in creating materials with tailored properties. Applications of NCs are also flourishing, consolidating progress in fields targeted early on, such as optoelectronics and catalysis, and extending into areas ranging from quantum technology to phase-change memories. In this perspective, we review the extensive progress in research on NCs over the past decade and highlight key areas where future research may bring further breakthroughs.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.5c07838
5 months ago
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Another paper form our team, advancing novel quantum light sources. Single Perovksite QDs can produce not only single photons on demand, but also degenerate photon pairs.
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
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Energy-Degenerate Photon-Pair Generation from Individual CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots
Beyond single-photon emission, generating correlated N-photon bundles, e.g., a photon pair, is essential for various quantum technologies including quantum teleportation and metrology. A widely explored approach exploits the radiative biexciton cascade in individual (mainly epitaxially grown) quantum dots (QDs). Here, we investigate such a cascade in colloidal CsPbBr3 QDs, a scalable and solution-processable quantum-light emitter. By matching their size-dependent biexciton binding energies to their size-independent phonon energies, we demonstrate the generation of time-correlated and energy-degenerate photon pairs in large (>15 nm) QDs. Under pulsed excitation at 4 K, we observe pronounced photon bunching, with a g(2)(0) of up to 7 in Hanbury Brown and Twiss measurements. The excitation-density-dependent bunching is quantitatively reproduced by multicolor numerical calculations, suggesting the cascade involving biexciton and phonon-mediated exciton decay as origin of the photon pair. Our findings provide new insights into energy-degenerate photon-pair generation in these highly engineerable quantum-light emitters, marking important steps toward their application in quantum-information technologies.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c02608
5 months ago
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Critical current density measurements of Li/solid-state electrolyte anodes: Time for a rethink Please see our article in Matter:
www.cell.com/matter/abstr...
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Critical current density measurements of Li/solid-state electrolyte anodes: Time for a rethink
Critical current density (CCD) measurements are widely used to assess the electrochemical performance of Li metal anodes paired with solid-state electrolytes. Nonetheless, the lack of consensus on the...
https://www.cell.com/matter/abstract/S2590-2385(25)00419-9
5 months ago
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To perspective candidates. The Committee had started the evaluation, but further applications will still be accepted for an equal consideration, at least until September 21st.
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5 months ago
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Cover Art images from the papers of our team and some great collaborations. "Green chemistry" has prevailed in recent years
6 months ago
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We continue exploring novel ligands for perovskite nanocrystals. Almost done with cationic ones...
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
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Designer Sulfonium-Based Capping Ligands for Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
The ongoing quest for improved capping ligands for lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP NCs) is fueled by the immense potential of these emitters as classical and quantum light sources. Herein, we...
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.5c09117
6 months ago
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In a sandbox filled with luminescent metal halides, creativity never dims.
advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/...
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Bright Monocompound Metal Halide Scintillator for Fast Neutron Radiography
Metal halide scintillator, tetraphenylphosphonium manganese bromide (TPP2MnBr4), provides a significant benefit for fast neutron imaging. A fourfold increase in efficiency over traditional zinc sulfi...
https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202509757
7 months ago
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Coherent Multi-Dimensional Spectroscopy Reveals Homogeneous Lineshape Dynamics in CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots
Lead halide perovskite (LHP) quantum dots (QD) are an attractive material for light emissive applications due to their lattice, which is both dynamically disordered and defect tolerant. The developmen...
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsnano.5c07429
7 months ago
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Stable, Room-Temperature, Low-Threshold Amplified Spontaneous Emission from Thermally Evaporated Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites | ACS Nano
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
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Stable, Room-Temperature, Low-Threshold Amplified Spontaneous Emission from Thermally Evaporated Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites
Semiconductor nanocrystals are widely investigated as tunable quantum emitters due to their composition-, size- and shape-dependent optical properties, and they find applications in various optoelectr...
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.5c03771
7 months ago
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On the Feasibility of Pairing Pyrochlore Iron(III) Hydroxy Fluoride Cathode with Argyrodite Li6PS5Cl Solid‐State Electrolyte for Low‐Cost All‐Solid‐State Batteries
chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/...
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https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/batt.202400731
7 months ago
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ethz.ch/en/the-eth-z...
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Assistant Professor (Tenure Track) of Inorganic Chemistry
https://ethz.ch/en/the-eth-zurich/working-teaching-and-research/faculty/faculty-affairs/ausgeschriebene-professuren/naturwissenschaften-und-mathematik/APTT_Anorg_Chem.html
7 months ago
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reposted by
Maksym Kovalenko
SCS Materials Chemistry
7 months ago
Only 10 days left! ⏰ @ all supervisors of PhD students in Switzerland. Please see below. And please spread the word.
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Our squad of Invited speakers at ICMAT 2025.
7 months ago
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Very rarely do materials check all the boxes for a competitive and practical utility as a commercial cathode material for Li-ion batteries. Li-Fe-halides offer this promise, particularly (and uniquely) for all-solid-state batteries. Our recent contribution:
chemrxiv.org/engage/chemr...
7 months ago
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Don't miss - already this Monday! Learn about the legacy of the renowned Ukrainian microbiologist - Serhiy Winogradsky (born 1856 in Ukraine, died 1953 in France). Among other places, he made major discoveries at ETH Zürich. His life for a period was split between Switzerland and Ukraine.
7 months ago
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A wonderful and fruitful collaboration with Lars Jurgens at Empa. Standardizing XPS and HAXPES Analyses of LLZO Solid-State Electrolytes and Their Reactive Compounds | ACS Materials Au
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
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Standardizing XPS and HAXPES Analyses of LLZO Solid-State Electrolytes and Their Reactive Compounds
Surface contamination of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a significant challenge that impedes its use as a nonflammable and nontoxic solid-state electrolyte in high energy density, temperature-tolerant Li meta...
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmaterialsau.4c00174
7 months ago
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Our ETHZ-Empa group, Summer edition 2025
8 months ago
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reposted by
Maksym Kovalenko
Nature
8 months ago
Most pixels in cameras detect only red, green or blue light. A sensor made from perovskite materials absorbs all three, improving image brightness and resolution
https://go.nature.com/3T1oKcd
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Light detectors made from perovskite crystals see in full colour
Most pixels in cameras detect only red, green or blue light. A sensor made from perovskite materials absorbs all three, improving image brightness and resolution.
https://go.nature.com/4efZjgW
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reposted by
Maksym Kovalenko
ETH Zurich
8 months ago
ETH Zurich ranks 7th globally in the QS World University Rankings 2026 — and #1 in continental Europe. With global research impact and a top-2 spot in hashtag#Sustainability, we’re proud to keep driving
#Science
and
#Education
forward. Read more:
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QS rankings: ETH Zurich secures 7th place once again
According to the recently published QS World University Rankings 2026, ETH Zurich ranks among the world’s ten best universities once again this year. It took the top spot in continental Europe, with o...
https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2025/06/qs-rankings-eth-zurich-secures-7th-place-once-again.html
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About our work
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8 months ago
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News article about our work by Shuming Nie and Viktor Gruev, huge thanks to them!
www.nature.com/articles/d41...
Our work:
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
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Light detectors made from perovskite crystals see in full colour
Most pixels in cameras detect only red, green or blue light. A sensor made from perovskite materials absorbs all three, improving image brightness and resolution.
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-01705-9
8 months ago
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Research into full color imaging with perovskites as thin-film absorbing semiconductors lags other applications of halide perovskites. We hope our work will motivate broader efforts in this arena; also well beyond three-color imaging.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
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Vertically stacked monolithic perovskite colour photodetectors - Nature
A colour sensor array based on multilayer monolithically stacked lead halide perovskite thin-film photodetectors achieves higher quantum efficiency and superior colour accuracy compared to conventiona...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09062-3
8 months ago
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Don't miss your best conference in 2025: "Emerging Light Emitting Materials"!
www.nanoge.org/EMLEM25/home
Early registration deadline: 25th June 2025 Abstracts submission deadline (oral): 25th June 2025 Abstracts submission deadline (poster): 8th September 2025
8 months ago
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reposted by
Maksym Kovalenko
SCS Materials Chemistry
9 months ago
Good news: the poster submission deadline has just been extended to 2 June! 📆 Feel free to share. And see you on 25 June in Fribourg!
mat25.scg.ch/registration
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reposted by
Maksym Kovalenko
SCS Materials Chemistry
8 months ago
📢PhD Award Alert! 🏆 Dear PhD advisors: did your student(s) recently (Jan 2024 - May 2025) defend their thesis in Switzerland in
#materials
#chemistry
? Then please consider nominating them for our SCS MatChem PhD Student Award, by 15 July:
scg.ch/scg-news/new...
@swisschemistry.bsky.social
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Swiss Chemical Society - SCS MatChem PhD Student Award: Call for nominations 2025
https://scg.ch/scg-news/news-materials/matchem-award25
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reposted by
Maksym Kovalenko
8 months ago
This week, 40 high-school students visited our
#KovalenkoLab
during the
#DayOfOpenLabs
(TOL) of the Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience at
@ethz.ch
. Lots of
#chemistry
fun with
#nano
#torches
(bright
#perovskite
#nanocrystals
) and for many a first glimpse into university life.
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Our team has again demonstrated the uniqueness of perovskite QDs, now in the absorption of light (echoing the previously reported single-photon superradiance).
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
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Single-photon superabsorption in CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots - Nature Photonics
Greatly enhanced light absorption is reported in large perovskite quantum dots by realizing a transition with a giant oscillator strength at the optical bandgap.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-025-01684-3
9 months ago
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We critically discuss the Li/LLZO architecture, also through the lens of our own extensive experience.
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
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Electrochemical Performance of Li Metal Anodes in Conjunction with LLZO Solid-State Electrolyte
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/accountsmr.5c00124
9 months ago
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For the attention of the broad research community of inorganic chemists: our department is hiring for a tenure-track position in inorganic chemistry. Application deadline: August 31, 2025.
ethz.ch/en/the-eth-z...
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Assistant Professor (Tenure Track) of Inorganic Chemistry
https://ethz.ch/en/the-eth-zurich/working-teaching-and-research/faculty/faculty-affairs/ausgeschriebene-professuren/naturwissenschaften-und-mathematik/APTT_Anorg_Chem.html?fbclid=IwQ0xDSwKUWmhjbGNrApRaZmV4dG4DYWVtAjExAAEebCjaJR60Mbvc1VIJ2LPJeohsf4cPUbxo7366fnw7TliomnKd74z4dUP9ol0_aem_l0qXdPatP8Amhdof3cSAZg
9 months ago
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Our team was among the first to begin testing perovskites as direct X-ray and gamma detectors more than a decade ago. Their uniqueness lies in low-cost and facile integration, high radiation stopping power, and semiconductor-grade electronic quality.
advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/...
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A Decade of Lead Halide Perovskites for Direct‐Conversion X‐ray and Gamma Detection: Technology Readiness Level and Challenges
This review summarizes the first decade of research on lead halide perovskite (LHP)-based X-ray and gamma-ray radiation detectors, emphasizing their exceptional detection properties, advances in synt...
https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202418465
9 months ago
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There is always much more to to solid state NMR of materials than we thought before, also for lead halide peorvskites
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
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Temperature-Dependent 207Pb Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Spectroscopic Probe for the Local Electronic Structure of Lead Halide Perovskites
Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have garnered considerable interest, owing to their advantageous optoelectronic properties and ease of synthesis. However, understanding their intricate structure–proper...
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5c00354
9 months ago
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It was an honor to visit UW (Clean Energy Institute) in Seattle (and this city). Beautiful campus. Wonderful colleagues. Thanks for hospitality to: Eden ,
@velian-lab.bsky.social
, Daniel Gamelin,
@brandicossairt.bsky.social
@gingerchem.bsky.social
and their students,
@uw-cei.bsky.social
10 months ago
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reposted by
Maksym Kovalenko
Clean Energy Institute
10 months ago
Thanks for coming
@maksymuki.bsky.social
!
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reposted by
Maksym Kovalenko
Clean Energy Institute
10 months ago
This week's CEI seminar will be presented by Dr. Maksym Kovalenko from ETH Zurich!
@maksymuki.bsky.social
@ethzurich.bsky.social
🇺🇦🇨🇭 "My quantum dot journey: from water to infrared, and finally to luminescent salts" 🧪💡 Thurs Apr 10, 4:00 pm @ NanoES 181
@gingerchem.bsky.social
@imod-stc.bsky.social
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Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy Reveals Hot Exciton Cooling Landscapes in CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots
Hot exciton relaxation dynamics is one of the main processes in quantum dots (QD), conferring their functions in optoelectronic devices spanning photovoltaics and solar fuel generation to light emitting diodes, lasers, and quantum light sources. The challenge has been to monitor energy relaxation dynamics in parallel with resolution of excitation or excess energy. Here, we exploit the unique capacity of Coherent Multi-Dimensional Spectroscopy (CMDS) to provide the first observation of the hot exciton cooling landscape of a large size range of CsPbBr3 lead halide perovskite QD, notable for their impact on optoelectronic devices, as well as their strong and unique exciton-lattice coupling. The CMDS data reveal that the hot exciton relaxation landscape is a complex function of the energy. Ab initio quantum dynamics simulations rationalize the observed behavior through energy dependent nonadiabatic exciton–phonon coupling. This first observation of cooling landscapes in QD suggests that materials science that either accelerates or slows hot exciton cooling can better be understood as a landscape to optimize for applications.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsnano.5c03944
10 months ago
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reposted by
Maksym Kovalenko
ETH Zurich
10 months ago
When it comes to getting along together,
#Trust
plays an indispensable role. While we all have an intuitive grasp of what this interpersonal investment involves, even science struggles to express exactly how it works. Article:
ethz.ch/en/news-and-...
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