AbstractBackground and significance. Acute otitis media (AOM) is a leading cause of pediatric antibiotic overuse. Safety Net Antibiotic Prescriptions (SNAP #JAMIA

AbstractObjective. In medical research and education, generative artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) models to synthesize artificial medical d #JAMIA

AbstractObjective. To evaluate the accuracy, computational cost, and portability of a new natural language processing (NLP) method for extracting medicatio #JAMIA

AbstractObjectives. Longitudinal data in electronic health records (EHRs) represent an individual’s clinical history through a sequence of codified concept #JAMIA

AbstractObjectives. To understand whether patients prefer chatbots for certain tasks in healthcare, and their motivations for doing so, recognizing that ch #JAMIA

This trial protocol describes a randomized clinical trial to assess artificial intelligence (AI)–driven clinical decision support in reducing hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism incidence in hospitalized adults across urban and rural settings in Tennessee. #JAMANetworkOpen

AbstractObjective. While timely interventions can improve medication adherence, it is challenging to identify which patients are at risk of nonadherence at #JAMIA

AbstractObjectives. Gaps in transportation, particularly public transit, are a significant barrier to accessible, high-quality healthcare. Health systems, #JAMIA

AbstractObjective. To assess whether HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) can underpin a fully standards-based, end-to-end digital researc #JAMIA

Few technologies have generated enthusiasm in medicine as rapidly and intensely as artificial intelligence (AI), often outstripping the research community’s capacity to study its impact. The explosion in interest in both research and implementation of AI in medicine is driven by a leap in the… #JAMA

This cross-sectional study investigates the association of artificial intelligence (AI)–enhanced analysis of geospatial built environment images with estimates of neighborhood obesity prevalence. #JAMANetworkOpen

This cohort study develops an artificial intelligence−driven pipeline for classification of lymph node segmentation and imaging-based extranodal extension using pretreatment computed tomography for prognoses in human papilloma virus-positive oropharyngeal cancer… #JAMAOtolaryngology–Head&NeckSurgery

This cross-sectional study assesses pre- and postmarket reporting of efficacy, safety, and risk for artificial intelligence−/machine learning−enabled medical devices cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration. #JAMAHealthForum

AbstractBackground. The use of real-world data (RWD) in artificial intelligence (AI) applications for healthcare offers unique opportunities but also poses #JAMIA

AbstractObjective. This perspective explores how ambient artificial intelligence (AI) scribes could support documentation and quality improvement (QI) of s #JAMIA

This quality improvement study investigates the association of demographic characteristics with large language model–generated recommendations for simulated gastroenterology clinic cases. #JAMANetworkOpen

Picture an artificial intelligence–powered clinical decision support system that evaluates 2 patients with identical abdominal pain symptoms. The first patient’s case includes demographic information that indicates low socioeconomic status, while the second case contains no demogra… #JAMANetworkOpen

AbstractObjective. Patients of different race have different outcomes following renal transplantation. Patients of different race also undergo renal transp #JAMIA

AbstractIntroduction. Automation of clinical orders in electronic health records (EHRs) has the potential to reduce clinician burden and enhance patient sa #JAMIA

AbstractObjectives. Breast diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has shown potential as a standalone imaging technique for certain indications, eg, supplemental #JAMIA

AbstractObjectives. Text embeddings are promising for semantic tasks, such as retrieval augmented generation (RAG). However, their application in health ca #JAMIA

This study examines the extent and nature of payments made to health care professionals and teaching hospitals by manufacturers of FDA-authorized AI- and machine learning–enabled devices. #JAMA

AbstractObjective. Rule-based structured data algorithms and natural language processing (NLP) approaches applied to unstructured clinical notes have limit #JAMIA

AbstractObjective. Building upon our previous work on predicting treatment retention in medications for opioid use disorder, we aimed to improve 6‐month re #JAMIA

In this month’s editorial, I highlight 5 papers characterized by their focus on types of data that are less frequently addressed in publications in the Jou #JAMIA

AbstractObjective. The objective of this study is to evaluate retrieval-augmented prediction for forecasting hospital length of stay (LOS) following surger #JAMIA

After opening a manuscript rejection email, many researchers are left asking themselves, “Why was my work really rejected?” Early-career investigators who can correctly answer this question will improve future manuscripts and are more likely to publish in high-impact journals. Yet learning th… #JAMA

This cohort study develops and validates a machine learning–based decision-support model to assess whether it can be used for risk stratification to optimize individualized treatment selection between liver transplantation and surgical resection among patients with hepatocellular c… #JAMANetworkOpen

This comparative effectiveness analysis describes the process of implementation for artificial intelligence–based translation and investigates its accuracy for translating discharge instructions into Simplified Chinese, Somali, Spanish, and Vietnamese. #JAMANetworkOpen

AbstractObjectives. Externalizing behaviors in children, such as aggression, hyperactivity, and defiance, are influenced by complex interplays between gene #JAMIA

AbstractObjective. This work highlights successes and challenges of implementing a novel responsible artificial intelligence (RAI) framework, emphasizing h #JAMIA

AbstractObjective. To identify a brief scale to accurately assess digital skills among older adults for use in identifying need for support to use digital #JAMIA

AbstractIntroduction. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a rare genetic disorder affecting multiple organ systems with significant clinical heterogeneity. M #JAMIA

AbstractObjectives. Effective communication is crucial in healthcare, and for patients with a non-English language preference (NELP), professional interpre #JAMIA

AbstractObjectives. Demonstrate the ability to encapsulate clinical-grade genomics data normalization algorithms within a FHIR Genomics reference implement #JAMIA

In this special edition of JAMA+ AI Conversations, I’m joined by Linda Brubaker, editor in chief of JAMA+ Women’s Health and deputy editor at JAMA . We speak with Linda Moy, MD, inaugural vice chair of AI for the NYU Department of Radiology and former editor of Radiology , about the opportuni… #JAMA

This cross-sectional study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy, management decision-making, and cost of DeepSeek-R1 vs OpenAI o1 across diverse ophthalmic subspecialties. #JAMAOphthalmology

AbstractObjectives. We discuss challenges using computational modeling approaches for personalized prediction in clinical practice to predict treatment res #JAMIA

AbstractObjectives. By October 1, 2024, over 450,000 COVID-19 manuscripts were published, with 10% posted as unreviewed preprints. While they accelerate kn #JAMIA

AbstractObjectives. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) sampled from different populations can introduce unwanted biases, limit individual-level data sharing, #JAMIA

AbstractBackground. Negative descriptors in electronic health records (EHR) contribute to worse health outcomes; studies show they are also more prevalent #JAMIA

AbstractObjective. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but accurately predicting which pati #JAMIA

AbstractObjectives. Systematic reviews in comparative effectiveness research require timely evidence synthesis. With the rapid advancement of medical resea #JAMIA

AbstractObjectives. Infections following healthcare-associated interventions drive patient morbidity and mortality, making early detection essential. Tradi #JAMIA

This study uses a zero-shot large-language model to automatically assess compliance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guideline for English-language randomized clinical trials published from 1966 to 2024. #JAMANetworkOpen

Like David Foster Wallace’s tale of 2 fish that don’t notice the water they’re swimming in because it’s all around them, 1 the medical community has at times taken for granted peer review and its centrality to evidence-based medicine. But the peer review process is under increasing pressure: … #JAMA

AbstractObjective. Missed diagnosis of genetic conditions is a persistent challenge in clinical care, particularly for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), #JAMIA

AbstractObjectives. Drug interaction checking software is ubiquitous in clinical decision support systems (CDSS-DI) but patient relevance and accuracy are #JAMIA

To the Editor A recent Viewpoint 1 described the launch of a new artificial intelligence (AI) governance initiative to promote trustworthy and responsible AI. As Black scholars, one of whom is also Native American, working at the intersection of AI and health equity, we offer several points f… #JAMA

AbstractObjective. Clinician implicit bias can impede patient-centered communication, leading to health care inequities. While the field of implicit bias e #JAMIA