William of Blois, second son of King Stephen and Earl of Surrey through his marriage, died in France on 11 October 1159. He was passed over as Stephen's successor in favour of his cousin Henry II and may have been involved in an unsuccessful plot to assassinate Henry and take the throne.

Pope Leo X conferred the title of 'Defender of the Faith' (Fidei Defensor) on Henry VIII on 11 October 1521 for his book supporting Catholic principles. The title was withdrawn after Henry broke from Rome but was restored by Parliament to refer to the Church of England.

Mary of Waltham, daughter of Edward III and consort of John V of Brittany, was born at Bishop's Waltham Palace, Hampshire, on 10 October 1344. She and John married in July 1361, and she died two months later, aged only 16.

Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox, daughter of Margaret Tudor and her second husband Archibald Douglas, was born in Northumberland on 8 October 1515. Her son, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, was the second husband of Mary Queen of Scots.

Isabella of Angoulême, second wife of King John, was crowned on 8 October 1200 at the age of 12. She had five children by the king including his heir, the future Henry III. After John's death she remarried and had a further nine children.

Prince Henry of Battenberg, husband of Queen Victoria's youngest daughter Beatrice, was born in Milan on 5 October 1858.

Mary of Modena, Catholic second wife of James II and mother of James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender, was born in Modena on 5 October 1658. Her religion made her unpopular in Britain, and the birth of a son led to her husband's overthrow.

Richard Cromwell, son of Oliver and his successor, for a short time, as Lord Protector, was born in Huntingdonshire on 4 October 1626. After failing to exert his authority as Lord Protector, he resigned and spent many years in exile in Europe before returning to England in the early 1680s.

The marriage treaty between Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves was signed on 4 October 1539.

Mary Tudor, younger sister of Henry VIII, left England for France on 2 October 1514 to marry the much older Louis XII. Henry promised that if Louis predeceased her, she could choose her own second husband. He did predecease her, she did choose her second husband, and Henry was predictably furious.

Richard III, the last Yorkist king of England and the chief suspect in the murders of the Princes in the Tower, was born in Fotheringhay Castle on 2 October 1452.

Ernst August, Elector of Hanover, married Sophia of the Palatinate, granddaughter of James I of England, on 30 September 1658. Sophia was heir to Queen Anne under the Act of Settlement; however, she predeceased the queen, so her son, George of Hanover, became king on Anne's death in 1702.

Henry Bolingbroke was proclaimed Henry IV of England on 30 September 1399 upon the "voluntary" abdication of his cousin Richard II.

Victoria Mountbatten, Marchioness of Milford Haven, daughter of Queen Victoria's second daughter Princess Alice, mother of Earl Mountbatten of Burma, and maternal grandmother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, died at Kensington Palace on 24 September 1950.

Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, third surviving legitimate son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, was born on 23 September 1158. He predeceased his father and his brother Richard I. His son Arthur, being only 12, was passed over in the succession in favour of Geoffrey's younger brother John.

Queen Victoria surpassed her grandfather George III as the longest-reigning monarch in British history on 23 September 1896. Her record was broken by Elizabeth II in September 2015. George III is still our longest-reigning king.

A Yorkist force led by Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury (father of the Earl of Warwick, the Kingmaker), defeated a Lancastrian force on 23 September 1459 at the battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the Wars of the Roses.

Edward II was reportedly murdered on 21 September 1327, although there are rumours that he lived for several more years.

Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, Lord Protector during Henry VI's incapacity, and father of Edward IV and Richard III, was born on 21 September 1411. He was the original leader of the Yorkist side in the Wars of the Roses.

Anthony Babington, convicted of plotting with Mary Queen of Scots to assassinate Elizabeth I, was executed on 20 September 1586 for treason. Mary's involvement in this plot led to her execution the following year.

Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick, wife of Richard, Earl of Warwick "the Kingmaker," and mother of Isabel, Duchess of Clarence, and Anne, Queen of England (consort of Richard III), died in poverty on 20 September 1492, having forfeited most of her estate to Henry VII.

Arthur Prince of Wales, eldest son of Henry VII and first husband of Catherine of Aragon, was born in Winchester on 20 September 1486. His early death in 1502 at the age of 15 led to his younger brother succeeding their father as Henry VIII in 1509.

The proclamation creating the Commonwealth of Australia was made by Queen Victoria on 17 September 1900.

Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany, younger brother of George III, died in Monaco on 17 September 1767, aged only 28.

James II of England/VII of Scotland, died in exile in France on 16 September 1701. He reigned from 1685 until he was forced off the throne in 1688 because of his Catholic sympathies and the birth of a son who would be brought up as a Catholic.

Henry V, the victor at Agincourt and one of England's strongest kings, was born in Monmouth on 16 September 1386 or 1387. He was not close to the throne at the time of his birth, so the year of his birth is not known with certainty.

The Yeomen of the Guard, the bodyguard of the English Crown, was established by Henry VII on 16 September 1485; although the Guard might have been originally created at the Battle of Bosworth, the first known warrants date from 16 September.

Owain Glyndŵr was declared Prince of Wales by his followers, including his eldest son, his brothers-in-law, and the Bishop of St Asaph, on 16 September 1400.

Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, younger son of Prince Charles and Diana, Princess of Wales, was born in London on 15 September 1984.

Princess Sophia Dorothea of Celle, cousin and repudiated wife of the future George I who was banished from the Hanoverian court and held under house arrest for the rest of her life for having an affair, was born in Celle on 15 September 1666.

John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, third son of Henry IV, died in Rouen on 14 September 1435. He commanded the army in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War and acted as Regent in France for his nephew Henry VI.

Sir Angus Ogilvy, businessman and second son of the 12th Earl of Airlie, husband of Elizabeth II's cousin Princess Alexandra of Kent, was born in London on 14 September 1928.

Blanche of Lancaster, first wife of John of Gaunt (son of Edward III) and mother of Henry IV, the first Lancastrian king, died in Staffordshire on 12 September 1368, aged only 26.

Alice Keppel, last mistress of Edward VII and great-grandmother of Queen Camilla, died in Italy on 11 September 1947. Her husband, George Keppel, was a descendant of Arnold Joost van Keppel, a favourite of William III.

Prince Louis of Battenberg, First Sea Lord, father of Earl Mountbatten of Burma and Queen Louise of Sweden and grandfather of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, died in London on 11 September 1921.

William the Conqueror died in Maine (France) on 9 September 1087 from injuries he sustained after a fall from his horse. He was succeeded in England by his son William Rufus.

Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood, husband of Mary, Princess Royal (daughter of George V), was born on 9 September 1882.

The Scots were devastated by the English at the Battle of Flodden Field on 9 September 1513 and James IV was killed. He was succeeded by his son James V, who died after the Battle of Solway Moss. His daughter and successor Mary was crowned Queen of Scots on 9 September 1543, aged only 9 months.

Elizabeth II died at Balmoral Castle on 8 September 2022, aged 96, and was succeeded by her son Charles III. She was the longest-reigning monarch in British history.

Princess Elizabeth, daughter of Charles I, died in captivity in the Isle of Wight on 8 September 1650, aged only 14, a year after her father's execution.

Amy Robsart, wife of Elizabeth I's favourite, Robert Dudley, died at home in Oxfordshire on 8 September 1560; Robert was suspected of engineering her death so that he would be free to marry the queen.

Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, youngest surviving son of Edward III, was murdered on 8 September 1397 while in prison in Calais awaiting trial on charges of treason.

Richard I (the Lionheart), second surviving son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, was born in Oxford on 8 September 1157.

William IV and Queen Adelaide were crowned at Westminster Abbey on 8 September 1831.

George III married Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in the Chapel Royal at St James's Palace on 8 September 1761, a few hours after their first meeting.

Joan of the Tower, consort of David II of Scotland, died in Hertfordshire on 7 September 1362. She was the youngest of the four children of Edward II.

Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, husband of Matilda of England (heir to Henry I) father of Henry II, died in France on 7 September 1151.

Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, was born in Greenwich on 7 September 1533. She reigned from 1558 to 1603 and was known as the Virgin Queen because she never married.

The funeral service for Diana, Princess of Wales, was held at Westminster Abbey on 6 September 1997. An estimated 2.5 billion people worldwide watched the service on television.

Charles II famously spent the night of 6 September 1651 hidden in an oak tree at Boscobel after his defeat by Oliver Cromwell at the Battle of Worcester.