First "barcode" consensus karyotype for peanut using oligonucleotide probes reveals A. duranensis and A. ipaensis as subgenome donors. Analysis suggests outcrossing generated distinct A. duranensis chloroplasts, followed by hybridization with A. ipaensis.

Map-based cloning identified ELP1 from Oryza officinalis, encoding an F-box protein with two alternatively spliced isoforms. Overexpressing the short isoform ELP1S increased tiller number by 37.5%, grain number by 37.6%, and total yield per plant by ~30% in cultivated rice.

EMS mutagenesis identified a "pendant awn" barley mutant with a premature stop codon in HvEMF1L on chromosome 3H, truncating the protein by 62.3%. Pan-genomic analysis showed high sequence conservation, revealing HvEMF1L as a putative regulator of awn development.

High-resolution mapping in 866 maize-teosinte RILs identified 11 ear shank length QTLs explaining 35.8% of variation, with 10 carrying domestication-selected teosinte alleles. RNA-seq of near-isogenic lines for qESL1-1 identified three candidate genes involved in floral development.

StAN1 overexpression in potato tubers controls tissue-specific flavonoid diversification, upregulating anthocyanins and flavanones while suppressing flavonols. DAP-seq confirmed direct activation of biosynthetic genes like StDFR for nutraceutical enhancement.

GWAS in the Global Durum Panel and QTL mapping in two RIL populations identified a major resistance locus at the distal end of chromosome arm 6AS. Modern cultivars and Ethiopian landrace PI 387336 showed high resistance, with SNP markers enabling transfer into elite wheat germplasm.

GWAS and linkage mapping in two wheat populations identified a stable QTL on chromosome 1B. Transcriptomic analysis across three growth stages narrowed the interval to 506.02-507.19 Mb, with TraesCS1B02G308200 encoding a WRKY transcription factor as the top candidate for NUE.

Three cycles of rapid cycling genomic selection in maize increased biomass yield ~10% relative to reference landraces. Multi-trait selection for yield, height, and flowering time with model retraining maintained high prediction accuracy, showing accelerated pre-breeding potential.

TaDHN4D1 overexpression enhances wheat salt tolerance by regulating Na+ balance and ROS elimination. Landrace BD2 has elevated expression due to promoter variations including an additional W-box. Specific primers enable marker-assisted selection for salt-tolerant breeding.

QTL mapping in faba bean and lentil identified four and six resistance loci respectively, including major-effect Ae-Vf3.1 on chromosome 3. Updated M. truncatula mapping narrowed AER1 to 8 kb with three candidate genes. No synteny between major QTL was found across legume genomes.

Two stable QTL on chromosome 3 explain 39.7% of variance in female flowering time and fruiting time in Citrullus amarus. Candidate genes involved in anthesis and FT protein regulation were identified, enabling development of early-flowering rootstocks for commercial production.

EMS mutant wpg1 exhibits premature senescence and leaf chlorosis from jointing stage, with accelerated nitrogen allocation to grains. WPG1, a dominant locus on chromosome 2A, regulates nitrogen transport and photosynthesis gene expression, offering targets for senescence control.

Fine mapping in 3,426 F3:4 peanut families localized qEFT13.1 to a 169-kb region on chromosome 13. AhFPA1, a homolog of Arabidopsis autonomous pathway gene AtFPA, was identified as the causal gene, with overexpression accelerating flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis.

Analysis of 529 rice accessions identified three beneficial OsCTS11 haplotypes to increase seedling survival rates to 51-65% under cold stress, predominantly in temperate japonica. KASP markers enabled marker-assisted backcrossing, creating four cold-tolerant germplasms.

QSes-7AL, the first major sharp eyespot resistance QTL on chromosome 7AL, was mapped to a 3.58-Mb region using BSA and SNP arrays. TaPrx1L-7A was identified through multi-omics analysis and validated via BSMV-VIGS and diagnostic markers for breeding resistant varieties.

A major QTL on linkage group 2 from lettuce cultivar 'Eruption' explained up to 61% of phenotypic variation for INSV resistance, with heritability estimates up to 0.89. The partially dominant QTL showed stability across field and greenhouse environments.

Piriformospora indica colonization induces TaCPS1 expression in wheat, enhancing resistance to Fusarium graminearum root rot. Overexpression lines showed enhanced resistance and reduced deoxynivalenol content, revealing a beneficial fungal-mediated defense pathway.

GWAS and QTL mapping in a 678-line multi-parent population identified a gene encoding VPS15 kinase as a key regulator of kernel ratio. A non-synonymous G/A mutation showed significant negative correlation with KR (r=-0.83 to -0.96), offering targets for yield improvement breeding.

A complete set of eight monosomic alien addition lines carrying B. juncea chromosomes in B. napus were developed. FISH and PCR confirmed additions, with extensive homoeologous exchange detected. Lines showed distinct phenotypes and preferential female transmission.

GWAS of 262 Chinese wheat accessions identified 12 stable QTL for grain VB6 content, with average 228.7 μg/100g. Six high-VB6 accessions exceeded 320 μg/100g. QPL.3A was validated in doubled haploids, with four candidate genes identified for breeding VB6-enriched cultivars.

GWAS of 500 soybean accessions across nine deep-sowing environments identified 2,007 SNPs/SVs on chromosome 14 and chromosome 5. GmHYL05 and GmHYL14 were validated via transgenic analyses to regulate hypocotyl elongation through cell expansion for uniform seedling emergence.

BSA-seq of a branchless mutant (mbl) identified CsAFP3-like on chromosome 1 controlling determinate lateral branch growth. VIGS confirmed CsAFP3-like positively regulates ABA-mediated lateral branching inhibition.

Analysis of eight grapevine varieties across 14 years revealed substantial intra-varietal genetic variation with moderate-to-high heritability for agronomic and quality traits. Genomic prediction offering opportunities to accelerate improvement while preserving varietal identity.

QTL mapping in 210 RILs identified a major protein content QTL on chromosome 20 and two novel QTLs on chromosomes 10 and 18. Haplotype analysis showed pyramiding favorable alleles improves stability without reducing protein content for food-grade breeding.

Germany’s maize boom hides a split: since 1987, grain yield gaps shrank (30%→23%), but forage gaps widened (15%→32%). Yields & NUE improved, yet on-farm forage yields lag. This study quantified breeding progress data across key traits of on-farm grain & forage maize.

OsGSTT3, a glutathione S-transferase gene, regulates rice seed germination through ROS homeostasis. Both overexpression and knockout lines showed delayed germination, with altered H₂O₂ levels and ROS-scavenging gene expression, offering targets for improving rice germination traits.

Fine mapping localized ClYR to a 325.37-kb region on chromosome 4, with ClChlH identified as the causal gene for yellow rind. Promoter InDels reduce expression in yellow lines, confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9 mutants showing yellow-green or sectored pigmentation in rind and leaves.

A major resistance QTL was fine-mapped to a 54.8-kb region on chromosome 2 using an interspecific C. mucosospermus × C. lanatus RIL population. Four KASP markers showed 100% co-segregation across multiple populations, enabling MAS for powdery mildew resistance breeding. rdcu.be/e7vuP

NAM population of 707 F2:3 lines identified eight resistance QTLs, confirming locations of four genes (Pc38, Pc45, Pc46, Pc50), and mapping two (Pc36, Pc70) for the first time. Several genes showed linkage on chr3D, 1C, and 7D, with 31 disease resistance-related genes identified.

GWAS across 273 wheat varieties identified QTL15, which explained up to 19.12% of pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) variance. TaIAA10-6A, an auxin-responsive gene, was identified as the candidate. An elite haplotype with 18-bp deletion and 21-bp substitution reduces PHS-promoting signal.

BSR-seq mapped BS-D275, a novel branched spike locus in winter wheat Dong 275, to a 1.52-cM interval on chromosome arm 2DS, 11 Mb distal to WFZP-2D. A GTPase-activating protein gene with a 4-bp frameshift is the top candidate, with diagnostic markers for yield-enhancing breeding.

EMS mutagenesis identified a missense SNP in z-type thioredoxin gene CsTRXz, causing dominant virescent leaf phenotype in cucumber. The mutation disrupts chloroplast biogenesis and chlorophyll metabolism, with temperature-sensitive effects being observed.

Incorporating low call-rate SNPs from rice pan-genome dispensable regions improved genomic prediction accuracy in genebank accessions. Findings from this paper demonstrate that traditional strict call-rate filters can discard valuable genetic information for donor identification.

Identification of bzn-2, a recessive gene that confers moderate bentazon sensitivity, reported in soybean. Positional cloning narrowed down location to a 92kb region in chromosome 11 using recombinant inbred lines.

ABM-BOx is a framework for breeding programs that through two concepts: "Breeding Excellence" (genomic selection, simulation-driven optimization) and "Operational Excellence" (speed breeding, AI tools).

Expression analysis of ribosomal DNA ETS subtypes revealed B-genome dominance in hexaploid wheat, with D-genome suppression established early after polyploidization. Partial deletion lines suggest additional regulatory regions on chromosome arms 1BS and 6BS beyond NOR regions.

Incorporating flowering time, photoperiod, plant height, and vernalization genes as fixed effects in RKHS models improved genomic prediction accuracy by 7-23% across five spring wheat traits. This approach increased yield prediction by 13.6%, offering a framework for cereal breeding.

PotatoMASH, a low-density amplicon sequencing platform generating SNPs and haplotags, achieved prediction ability only 9-14% lower than 43.6k GBS across 23 traits in diploid potato. Both marker types yielded medium to high accuracy (0.29-0.81), offering a scalable breeding solution.

Linkage analysis and GWAS identified seven co-localized QTL for low-sulfur tolerance in soybean seedlings across chromosomes 1, 6, 8, 9, 14, and 17. Glyma.17G167100 and Glyma.14G169300 emerged as candidate genes, with three promising parental cross combinations designed for breeding. rdcu.be/e7vtw

GWAS and transcriptome analysis of 373 upland cotton accessions identified 39 SNPs and 36 salt-responsive genes for seedling emergence and tolerance traits. VIGS verified Gh_D07G0886 negatively regulates and Gh_A13G0145 positively regulates salt tolerance, providing breeding targets.

Fine mapping of Rmi1 in 884 F5:6 RILs localized resistance to two genes on chromosome 10. Both show polymorphisms and lower expression in resistant roots, suggesting that the pre-existing cell wall modifications reduce M. incognita susceptibility.

The Co-Bf gene from Beija Flor, conferring resistance to 89% of Mesoamerican and 50% of Andean C. lindemuthianum races, was fine-mapped to a 30.2-kb region on chromosome Pv04. KASP markers enable marker-assisted pyramiding for durable anthracnose resistance breeding.

GWAS and WGCNA identified ZmKCH5, encoding potassium channel protein 5, as a hub gene for seed germination under salt stress. Overexpression in Arabidopsis and knockout in maize confirmed ZmKCH5 positively regulates germination rate and primary root growth.

QSNS.sicau-D12-3B was mapped to a 5.81-Mb interval on chromosome 3B, consistently detected across seven environments. Conditional analysis showed the QTL modulates spikelet number through spike density, independent of plant height and spike length, offering targets for yield breeding.

CRISPR/Cas9 editing of OsAFB4 in elite rice cultivar Jiahe212 conferred cross-resistance to synthetic auxin herbicides picloram and dicamba without reducing grain yield. Field trials confirmed robust resistance through suppression of auxin-responsive IAA genes in shoot apices.

GxE interactions were documented in 264 ryegrass accessions at Nordic/Baltic distribution limits. Accounting for GxE improved prediction accuracy up to 22% for spring cover. GWAS identified large-effect variants with environment-dependent adaptive effects for persistence traits.

GWAS and QTL mapping in wheat identified 23 loci for lesion mimic formation, with 10 consistently detected across replicates. Haplotype analysis of 22 candidate genes identified three high-confidence genes, providing targets for disease resistance breeding and immune network research.

GWAS of 385 soybean accessions identified 13 SNPs for Heterodera sojae resistance, with four on chromosomes 1 and 18 used to develop KASP markers. Haplotype analysis revealed 16 root-specific candidate genes for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.

QTL analysis in wild soybean-derived RIL populations identified four resistance loci on chromosomes 3, 8, 13, and 18. Pyramiding qRci2 and qRci4 enhanced resistance beyond single QTLs. Backcrossing into elite cultivar 'Enrei' reduced disease severity in greenhouse and field trials.

Resequencing 117 G. hirsutum-G. barbadense CSSLs identified 66 stable QTL for fiber quality and yield across environments. Fine mapping of GbKAP, a keratin-associated gene that increases cell elongation and seed yield when expressed in Arabidopsis, carried out.