Cutaneous melanoma is a skin cancer that originates from pigment-producing melanocytes in the epidermis; the development of immune checkpoint inhibitor and targeted therapies has transformed the treatment of this disease. #MedSky

Differences of sex development represent a group of conditions that affect human sex development and maturation owing to discrepancies of chromosomal, gonadal and phenotypic sex. #MedSky https://www.nature.c...

Podocytopathies are characterized by protein loss in the urine owing to podocyte injury or dysfunction and can be grouped into six main aetiological categories: autoimmune, genetic, adaptive, toxic, infectious or monoclonal causes. #MedSky

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart disease characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, primarily caused by genetic mutations, with an estimated prevalence of ~1 in 500 adults. #CardioSky https://www.nature.c...

The lung is a common metastatic site for several cancers, including breast, colorectal, kidney, and prostate cancer, and lung metastases are linked to poor prognosis and, often, reduced quality of life. #MedSky

Osteoarthritis is a complex disease that affects entire joints, including the bone, cartilage, ligaments and muscles; it affects >500 million people worldwide and is a leading cause of disability and premature work loss. #MedSky https://www.nature.c...

Leptospira bacteria can infect a wide range of animals, which spread the pathogen through their body fluids into waterways and soil, ultimately causing leptospirosis infection and disease in humans. #MedSky

Achilles tendinopathy is a common condition affecting the Achilles tendon, leading to diminished quality of life and impaired work productivity with substantial societal costs. #MedSky https://www.nature.c...

Lupus nephritis is a type of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis and a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus that can affect up to 60% of patients with this condition. #NephSky

Placenta accreta is a pregnancy complication owing to abnormal attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall; it can lead to life-threatening haemorrhage during delivery and requires specialized management to reduce mortality. #WomensHealth #MedSky https://www.nature.c...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and genetics, and can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and cancer. #MASLD affects >30% of adults globally. #MedSky

Mastocytosis is characterized by focal accumulations of clonal mast cells in the skin and/or internal organs; its clinical course ranges from asymptomatic to recurrent anaphylaxis and from an indolent state to rapidly progressive. #MedSky https://www.nature.c...

An imbalance between kidney capacity and workload can initially be compensated but will eventually lead to a decline in excretory kidney function and glomerular barrier function that is termed chronic kidney disease. #MedSky

Bacterial vaginosis affects ~26% of the population and is associated with gynaecological and obstetric complications; it is characterized by reduced lactobacilli and overgrowth of anaerobes, but the exact pathogenesis is unclear. #WomensHealth https://www.nature.c...

Inflammation of the appendix, acute appendicitis, is one of the most common reasons for acute abdominal pain in children and adults, and for surgical emergency visits worldwide. #MedSky

Best wishes for 2026! During the coming 10 days, we'll be looking back at some of our top Primers (according to Altmetric) and selected PrimeViews published in 2025.

#LongCOVID can have serious implications for patients’ quality of life. #COVID19 https://www.nature.c...

Several for neuropsychiatric #longCOVID have been suggested, including SARS-CoV-2 persistence, herpesvirus reactivation, microbiota dysbiosis, autoimmunity, clotting and endothelial abnormalities, and chronic immune activation. #COVID19 https://www.nature.c...

Fatigue, cognitive impairment, breathlessness, and muscle pain are the most common symptoms of #longCOVID. #COVID19 https://www.nature.c...

Get Primed on COVID-19-associated neurological and psychological manifestations with our NEW PrimeView! FREE to download this week!

Our NEW Primer on COVID-19-associated neurological and psychological manifestations is live! By Wilson, Gurdasani, Helbok, Ozturk, Fraser, Filipović, Peluso, Iwasaki, Yasuda, Bocci, Priori, Altmann, Alwan & Ely. Check it out here:

The ichthyoses are a large, heterogeneous group of skin cornification disorders. They can be inherited or acquired, and result in defective keratinocyte differentiation and abnormal epidermal barrier formation https://www.nature.c...

Autoimmune #encephalitis is a rare, neuroinflammatory disease characterized by progressive brain inflammation caused by autoantibodies targeting neuronal antigens https://www.nature.c...

Symptoms and signs of age-related sarcopenia are often non-specific, but it should be suspected in individuals experiencing a progressive decline in physical function, perceived muscle weakness, recurrent falls and/or unintentional weight loss https://www.nature.c...

Various primary tumours, including #lungcancer itself, can metastasize to the lungs. The cumulative incidence and the percentage of patients with synchronous lung metastasis vary between the different histologies https://www.nature.c...

#Mastocytosis is characterized by focal accumulations of clonal mast cells in the skin and/or in internal organs such as bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes or the gastrointestinal tract https://www.nature.c...

Progressive loading exercises are the cornerstone of #Achilles #tendinopathy management https://www.nature.c...

Differences of sex development refers to a group of congenital conditions in which the development of chromosomal sex, gonadal sex or anatomic sex is atypical https://www.nature.c...

Adipose tissue dysfunction is now emerging as one of the main drivers and aetiological factors for #TheMetabolicSyndrome https://www.nature.c...

#Buruli ulcer is a slowly progressive necrotizing disease of the skin, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, a slow-growing environmental pathogen https://www.nature.c...

#Rett syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that predominantly affects girls, constituting one of the most common genetic causes of intellectual disability in females https://www.nature.c...

Primary hypothyroidism is a common disorder worldwide, with iodine deficiency and Hashimoto thyroiditis as the principal causes https://www.nature.c...

Neurovascular compression of the trigeminal root, which undergoes major morphological changes, and focal demyelination of primary trigeminal afferents are key aetiological factors in #Trigeminal #neuralgia https://www.nature.c...

Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor, affective and cognitive–behavioural signs, which lasts from hours to days https://www.nature.c...

The outcome of infection with #Leishmania is governed by a complex interplay between the parasite, its host cell and multiple arms of the innate and adaptive immune system https://www.nature.c...

Advances and innovations in recognition, diagnosis and treatment of Buruli ulcer, a necrotizing skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, have greatly improved patient outcomes. https://www.nature.c...

In androgenetic alopecia, large, terminal scalp hair follicles, that extend deep into the dermal adipose layer and produce thick and long hair fibres, undergo miniaturization, transforming into vellus hair follicles https://www.nature.c...

Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease caused by protozoan Leishmania species, transmitted primarily through the bites of infected female sandflies https://www.nature.c...

Buruli ulcer progression is driven by mycolactone from M. ulcerans, which inhibits the Sec61 protein complex, blocking protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to apoptosis, immune suppression and vascular dysfunction. https://www.nature.c...

Buruli ulcer has been reported in at least 33 countries and, in 2024, the disease was endemic in 16 countries, including in West and Central Africa, Australia, Japan and French Guiana. https://www.nature.c...

Get Primed on Buruli ulcer with our NEW PrimeView! FREE to download this week!

Our NEW Primer on #Buruli ulcer is live today! ByYotsu, Simmonds, de Souza, Phillips, Amoako, Srivastava, Asiedu, Eyangoh, Johnson &Pluschke. Check it out here: www.nature.com/articles/s41...

#Podocytopathies are kidney diseases characterized by protein loss in the urine owing to #podocyte injury or dysfunction - more in our PrimeView. https://www.nature.c...

Asymptomatic #proteinuria is commonly detected incidentally and identifying the aetiology of an underlying #podocytopathy requires distinct diagnostic approaches. https://www.nature.c...

This PrimeView summarizes the mechanisms of #vitiligo, check it out here: https://www.nature.c...

#Vitiligo prevalence varies geographically. https://www.nature.c...

An adaptive #podocytopathy can be caused by pathophysiological imbalance between glomerular filtration surface and filtration demand when multiple risk factors converge. https://www.nature.c...

Multiple signalling pathway components in #vitiligo pathogenesis are targeted by therapies that are in development. https://www.nature.c...

Distinct mechanisms of #podocyte damage underlie the six major aetiological categories of #podocytopathies, comprising autoimmune, genetic, adaptive, toxic, infectious or monoclonal causes. https://www.nature.c...

#Podocyte injury can result in five distinct glomerular lesion patterns, of which each can have different causes, varying severity and capacity to be repaired. https://www.nature.c...