Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a rare autoimmune complication that can develop following group A Streptococcus infection (now referred to as Strep A) www.nature.com/articles/s41...

This figure illustrates the cytokine- and chemokine-mediated autoimmunity in blood and heart valve tissue during acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease www.nature.com/articles/s41...

A loss of tolerance, together with molecular mimicry, likely contribute to an autoimmune response, which results in the major manifestations of acute rheumatic fever http://dlvr.it/TRDXCz

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Individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) may eliminate the infection; however, individuals may progress from TB infection to active disease. Those with active disease may succumb over several months or years or be cured. http://dlvr.it/TR8PRt

Leprosy is a neglected tropical disease that predominantly occurs in low-income and middle-income regions; around 200,000 new diagnoses are made every year. go.nature.com/3VeERo9

This Figure shows an overview of the neurotransmitter systems and brain networks involved in the pathogenesis of catatonia. http://dlvr.it/TR726z

Listeria monocytogenes crosses the intestinal barrier via goblet and M cells, the placental barrier through syncytiotrophoblasts, and the blood–brain barrier by spreading from infected monocytes to endothelial cells. http://dlvr.it/TR5jJY

Treatment strategies for #BacterialVaginosis include eliminating harmful bacteria, restoring optimal microbiota and preventing sexual transmission. Achieving sustained cure likely requires a tailored, multi-strategy plan. #WomensHealth #medsky http://dlvr.it/TR4h2X

Biologically active mediators released from mast cells at baseline or after activation can trigger clinically relevant symptoms, which have been observed in all subtypes of mastocytosis http://dlvr.it/TR4d10

Blister development in bullous pemphigoid involves autoantibodies that target hemidesmosomal proteins, complement activation, inflammatory cell infiltration and proteolytic enzyme release, weakening dermal–epidermal adhesion. http://dlvr.it/TR2lQ8

Several neurotransmitter systems, brain regions, and immune and neuropathological processes are involved in the development and pathogenesis of #schizophrenia http://dlvr.it/TR15DS

Prediabetes or intermediate hyperglycaemia represents a preliminary stage in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus http://dlvr.it/TR0qqB

#Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease caused by Leishmania parasites and transmitted through the bite of female sand flies www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Bacterial vaginosis affects ~26% of the population and is associated with gynaecological and obstetric complications; it is characterized by reduced lactobacilli and overgrowth of anaerobes, but the exact pathogenesis is unclear. http://dlvr.it/TQz5Yv #WomensHealth

Lupus nephritis is a type of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis and a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus that can affect up to 60% of patients with this condition http://dlvr.it/TQyLby #NephSky

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition caused by non-scarring hair loss due to loss of immune privilege in hair follicles, which leads to local inflammation; the condition carries a considerable psychosocial burden. #MedSky dlvr.it/TQFxfg

Comprehensive overview of regenerative treatment strategies under development for disc degeneration. http://dlvr.it/TQv4kB

Spectrum of pathological conditions resulting from intervertebral disc degeneration and their associated neural compression mechanisms. http://dlvr.it/TQsfvj

The slow biochemical and structural changes that take place during decades of pathological transformation are revealed by the evolution of intervertebral disc degeneration over time. http://dlvr.it/TQrMb7

Progression of normal spinal biomechanics to pathological motion segment dysfunction with corresponding MRI findings. http://dlvr.it/TQr6NZ

Cross-sectional anatomy demonstrating the progression from normal intervertebral disc (IVD) architecture to pathological degeneration. http://dlvr.it/TQq7j2

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Placenta accreta is a pregnancy complication owing to abnormal attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall; it can lead to life-threatening haemorrhage during delivery and requires specialized management to reduce mortality. #WomensHealth #MedSky http://dlvr.it/TQkln8

Adaptive immune cells in lupus nephritis are activated through various pathways, including via B cell and T cell receptors, and cytokine signalling, with multiple therapeutic targets identified for potential intervention. http://dlvr.it/TQcfqT

Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures that can present at birth or soon after and can have consequences for cranial growth or result in craniofacial complications.

Diagnosis and classification of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is based on clinical presentation, electrophysiological characterization and genetic evaluation. http://dlvr.it/TQYnL7

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is caused by mutations in genes that encode myelin sheath components or transcription factors, or that affect the unfolded protein response, endosomal function, mitochondria, or the axonal cytoskeleton, among others. http://dlvr.it/TQYfnp

Prevalence of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease seems to be highest in Egypt, Norway and Finland, and lowest in South Korea, Libya and Serbia. http://dlvr.it/TQXVvr

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Slow ascent, pre-acclimatization and, in some cases, medication can minimize the occurrence of acute high-altitude illnesses (HAIs); any individual who develops a HAI should stop their ascent. http://dlvr.it/TQPsYz

Stepped-care approach is essential for the diagnosis and management of #prediabetes. http://dlvr.it/TQPDVR

The complex interplay between genetic alterations, chromosomal instability and epigenetic dysregulation in #hepatoblastoma development reflects the inherent complexity in hepatoblastoma oncogenesis http://dlvr.it/TQP4zp

Around 1 million cases of #leptospirosis occur annually worldwide, with the highest incidence in low-income and middle-income tropical and subtropical countries. http://dlvr.it/TQNLY4

Patients with polycythaemia vera experience a range of symptoms and disease-related effects that affect their quality of life. http://dlvr.it/TQMrKD

Risk factors for chronic kidney disease can be differentiated into those that increase nephron workload and those that reduce their capacity. Preterm birth can result in lifelong reduced kidney capacity. #CKD http://dlvr.it/TQMN6P

Asymptomatic peripheral #arterydisease (PAD) is characterized by preserved blood flow despite the presence of early to intermediate atherosclerotic lesions. http://dlvr.it/TQLms5

There are four proposed models for initiating T-cell recognition and activation in severe cutaneous adverse reactions: The “hapten/prohapten” theory, the “p-i” concept, the “altered peptide repertoire” model and “T-cell overactivation”. http://dlvr.it/TQKs7k

Possible pathophysiological mechanisms of medication overuse #headache involve potential genetic factors, peripheral mechanisms and central mechanisms, including descending pain modulation. http://dlvr.it/TQKQb0

#Scabies itch is thought to be stimulated by host-mite interactions and neuronal sensitisation, which is then exaggerated by scabies-associated bacteria.

Computed tomography (CT) angiography can be used to make measurements of aortic dimensions, facilitating for the diagnosis and monitoring of thoracic #aortic aneurysm. http://dlvr.it/TQJWJf

Risk of perioperative #stroke is determined by pre-existing patient factors and acute precipitating mechanisms. http://dlvr.it/TQHdpl

In a nerve entrapment disorder such as #carpal tunnel syndrome, several events take place in the nerve locally with subsequent effects both distal in the target and proximal at the spinal cord and in the dorsal root ganglion. http://dlvr.it/TQHYMV

Free fluid may also be present in the peritoneal cavity or pouch of Douglas but is a non-specific finding on ultrasound, which is demonstrated not only in around 65% of ectopic but also in 30% of normally sited pregnancies. Learn more in our Primer: http://dlvr.it/TQGwW9

Diabetic retinal disease (aka diabetic retinopathy) is a very common complication of diabetes mellitus and describes disease-related changes of the retinal microvasculature, neurons and glia, which can lead to vision impairment and loss. #MedSky http://dlvr.it/TQGkWj

Cushing syndrome is caused by prolonged and excessive exposure to glucocorticoid hormones from endogenous or exogenous sources; its vary from mild to severe, depending on glucocorticoid levels, duration and individual sensitivity. #MedSky

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition caused by non-scarring hair loss due to loss of immune privilege in hair follicles, which leads to local inflammation; the condition carries a considerable psychosocial burden. #MedSky http://dlvr.it/TQFxfg