Ischaemic or haemorrhagic perioperative stroke, that is, stroke occurring during or within 30 days following surgery, can be a devastating complication following surgery.

Adaptive immune cells in lupus nephritis are activated through various pathways, including via B cell and T cell receptors, and cytokine signalling, with multiple therapeutic targets identified for potential intervention. https://www.nature.c...

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a vascular condition characterized by narrowing of the peripheral arteries, primarily in the lower extremities, due to atherosclerosis or thrombosis. PAD manifests as claudication and functional impairments. https://www.nature.c...

The treatment algorithm for patients with peripheral artery disease should be guided by clinical presentation. https://www.nature.c...

Various imaging methods are used to assess vessel structure and confirm peripheral artery disease, including duplex ultrasonogrpahy. https://www.nature.c...

Imaging is crucial in the diagnosis of #peripheral artery disease (PAD), as it confirms suspected findings by haemodynamic assessment and provides a clear representation of vessel pathology, which is needed to inform therapeutic decisions. https://www.nature.c...

Congenital lung malformations are rare developmental disorders that affect the lung parenchyma, tracheobronchial tree or pulmonary vessels. https://www.nature.c...

The ankle–brachial index and toe–brachial index are non-invasive diagnostic tests used to assess arterial perfusion in the lower extremities. https://www.nature.c...

Wound healing is a complex series of chronological, overlapping processes that result in wound closure. Depending on the extent and depth of the injury, wound healing can result in scar formation with varying degrees of severity. https://www.nature.c...

Several different clinical presentations of PAD are categorized according to the Fontaine or Rutherford classification. Most patients are asymptomatic or with unrecognized symptoms+functional impairment, detected by an abnormal pulse or low ABI. https://www.nature.c...

Endothelial and microvascular dysfunction in #peripheral artery disease involves multiple interconnected pathways, including traditional cardiovascular risk factors and, ultimately, platelet–leukocyte interactions. https://www.nature.c...

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a progressive, neurodevelopmental disorder that predominantly affects females, resulting in severe mental and physical disability. In most cases, RTT is associated with pathogenic variants in MECP2.

In Peripheral artery disease, atherosclerotic lesions form in the arteries that supply the lower limbs, causing them to narrow (stenosis) and become blocked. https://www.nature.c...

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Factors implicated in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung disease in people living with HIV.

von #Willebrand disease is a congenital bleeding disorder characterized by defects in the concentration, structure or function of von Willebrand factor, von Willebrand disease the largest plasma glycoprotein in humans. https://www.nature.c...

Ovaries are endocrine glands that make and store oocytes and produce reproductive hormones, crucial for female fertility. Premature #ovarian insufficiency is characterized by menstrual disturbance with elevated serum follicle-stimulating hormone. https://www.nature.c...

Human MECP2 gene, MeCP2 protein, and common variants in Rett syndrome, a severe, progressive, neurodevelopmental disorder, which affects predominantly females. https://www.nature.c...

Gliomas are primary brain tumours that can occur in children and adults. Prognosis varies widely depending on the molecular characteristics of the tumour and are classified according to the 2021 WHO classification of central nervous system tumours. https://www.nature.c...

Sarcopenia is accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function commonly, but not exclusively, associated with advancing age. It is observed across many species including humans in whom it can lead to decline in physical function and mobility. https://www.nature.c...

The pathophysiology of #Trigeminal neuralgia is hypothesized to be a multifactorial process influenced by genetic, anatomical and neurophysiological factors. Genetic predisposition may predispose to a hyperexcitable neuronal state. https://www.nature.c...

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The treatment of diabetic macular oedema is based on the location of the oedema and changes in visual acuity at presentation https://www.nature.c...

This figure shows the timeline of diabetic retinopathy management https://www.nature.c...

Diabetes mellitus affects not only the retinal microvasculature but the whole retina, including neurons and glia www.nature.com/articles/s41...

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Lung metastases are linked to poor prognosis across various cancer types and might impair the quality of life of patients www.nature.com/articles/s41...

This figure shows the histology of lung metastasis from different primary tumours https://www.nature.c...

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection that is prevalent across all continents https://www.nature.c...

The formation of the pre-metastatic niche is driven by VEGFR1-positive bone marrow-derived cells that express VLA4 https://www.nature.c...

The primary tumour primes the lung before circulating tumour cells arrive, preparing a favourable environment in which cancer cells can seed and grow https://www.nature.c...

Primary lung tumours and lung metastases have distinct characteristics on CT imaging https://www.nature.c...

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart disease characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, primarily caused by mutations in genes that encode proteins involved in actomyosin contraction, microvascular function and calcium handling. https://www.nature.c...

Several therapeutic options exist for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, including treatment for heart failure, angina-like chest pain, atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias. https://www.nature.c...

Biventricular hypertrophy with systolic dysfunction can be a manifestation of an inborn error of metabolism, such as Pompe disease. https://www.nature.c...

The aetiology of infant-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is highly heterogeneous and can be investigated through echocardiography, electrocardiography, family history and systemic features. https://www.nature.c...

Dysregulation of the immune system is now recognized as a crucial driver of plaque #psoriasis pathophysiology. Learn more on the latest research findings for psoriasis in our Primer: https://www.nature.c...#psoriasis#PsoriasisAwarenessMonth

Transesophageal echocardiography is considered in patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) when the mechanism of obstruction is unclear or when a detailed assessment of the mitral valve is needed prior to septal reduction. https://www.nature.c...

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can help to identify hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenocopies such as Fabry disease or cardiac amyloidosis, and can detect the presence of myocardial fibrosis and oedema. https://www.nature.c...

Genes that have been implicated in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy encode proteins of the sarcomere, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma. https://www.nature.c...