Its taken a while, but a summary of our "enhanced surveillance" for HPAI that we undertook last spring is now on bioRxiv. Lots of cool LPAI viruses in arriving shorebirds, but no HPAI. 👉 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

📢 We have an open position for a postdoc to join my lab. It's a great position @animecol-uu.bsky.social, fully salaried for 2.5 years with all benefits. www.uu.se/en/about-uu/... The project is about transmission patterns of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquatic insects. 🧬🦠 (1/3)

Case study where partial culling was employed following detection of HPAI. Successfully eliminated and no local spread occurred = an example for the implementation of separate epidemiological units with a high level of biosecurity. 👉 www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....

Wild bird species most at risk of contracting HPAI were those that are gregarious, tolerant of anthropic habitats, are non-migratory, and occupy the upper trophic level 👉 onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10....?

Simulated impacts of HPAI on the host population under baseline climate conditions varied from no impact to 100% mortality, depending on viral traits. Simulate 9-day advancement in spring migration timing = 🔺duration of HPAI outbreaks 👉 journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol...

Overall mean biosecurity score across farms in Bangadesh 42/100, w 79% having poor biosecurity. Observational data revealed 99% of farms lacked foot baths and high interaction with wild birds (67%). Room for improvement 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

H9N2 isolated from raw meat-based diets for dogs and cats produced in South Korea. Lineage Y280 lineage. stricter regulation of raw pet food required. 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

systematic review of mathematical and machine learning models of Avian Influenza 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

How to communicate zoonotic avian influenza spillover risk, PPE, and response. Co-producers generally preferred infographics to factsheets and suggested how sheets could be displayed on farms and disseminated within the poultry farming community. 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

K-FluDB: A Novel K-Mer Based database for rapid subtype delination + reassortment detection. 👉 academic.oup.com/bioinformati...

Does genetic selection for improved immune response, using Immunity+ GEBVs, can increase resilience to HPAI H5N1 in commercial dairy herds - 🔺 Immunity+ GEBVs = 24% less likely to require supportive treatment + lower milk loss. 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

Bovine air-liquid interface cell cultures were infected by H7N7, AIV H9N2, swine H1N1, human H1N1(pdm09). swine H1N1 + H7N7 = highest replication titers and greatest loss of cilia. Cattle can act as a permissive host 👉 www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....

Review of HPAI in cats: epidemiology, clinical and pathological presentations and management, and a current perspective on risk, testing and strategies to prevent infection 👉 journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10....

pH-dependent H5N1 survival- virus persisting through cheese-making process + up to 120 days of aging in cheeses made with raw milk at pH 6.6 + 5.8. Ferrets fed raw-milk cheese or cheese suspension were not infected. 👉 link.springer.com/article/10.1...

First report of influenza D virus in dairy cattle in Pakistan: 9/376 positive. Viruses clustered within the D/OK lineages, w 98.8–99.6% genetic identity to European and US viruses. 👉 www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16...

Bovine T cell responses to influenza remain poorly characterized - opportunity for future research 👉 www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17...

Influenza D virus among cattle in Poland w an estimated seroprevalence of 45.2%. No confirmation of IDV occurrence was obtained in any of the 274 sheep, goats, or horses. 👉 reference-global.com/article/10.2...

Unlike past H5N1 outbreaks, majority of patients in the US outbreak have presented with conjunctivitis, either alone or alongside systemic symptoms. ocular-specific disease manifestation offers new clinical and screening implications 👉 www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14...

Higher polymerase activity of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses + reassortants vs H9N2, H1N1, and H3N2 viruses = may explain zoontic. Reassortmen risk high. 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

Up to 30% of commercial pasteurized milk in US is PCR +Ve. Pasteurization inactivates virus, but HA protein preserved. In mice, repeated oral exposure to inactivated virus did not alter mortality or worsen disease after H5N1 virus challenge. 👉 www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

mRNA-LNP chimeric HA vaccine induces strong stalk-specific antibodies in macaques, induces plasma cells in bone marrow. Vaccine-induced antibody protects mice from heterologous influenza virus challenges 👉 www.cell.com/cell-reports...

4th case of H10N3 - female patient hospitalized in Nanning, China, in December 2024. history of exposure to live poultry. treated with a combination of baloxavir marboxil and oseltamivir. 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

Sera from 10 age groups, across >80 years, in August 2024, British Columbia, Canada. H5N1 titres consistently lower but strongly associated with H1N1pdm09, peaked among young adults born 1997-2003 👉 www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1...

HPAI sequences in store-bought milk linked to cattle outbreak - highlight potential + limitations of retail milk as a surveillance window. 👉 www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17...

H5N1 adaptation to bovine cells variable across 2.3.4.4b genotypes, limited in viruses predating the global expansion, determined by the viral internal gene cassette, not restricted to udder epithelial cells. PB2 M631L, key determinant of adaptation 👉 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

Cow+ and avian H5N1 = severe mastitis in goats, shed viruses in milk, transmitted to suckling kids. Viruses infected goat respiratory and mammary cells. More livestock surveillance 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

Vaxxed mice + cattle w centralized consensus H5 vaccine via adeno vector = strong humoral + cellular immunity in mice and calves: vaccinated mice fully protected against lethal infection with multiple divergent H5N1 strains, incl the 2024 bovine isolate 👉 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

USA population does not have protective cross-reactive antibodies against avian H3N8 which has caused human infections in China. Viruses bind to both a2-3 + a2-6 SA, replicates efficiently in human bronchiole epithelial cells. Moderate Pandemic Risk 👉 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

H9N2 in laying hens, 2011-2018, Indonesia: 1/2949 samples pos. In the the China–Vietnam–Indonesia lineage, related to the A/chicken/West Java/VSN791/2017(H9N2) and A/chicken/Viet Nam/QN-2576/2015(H9N2) viruses 👉 pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

profiling exosomal miRNAs from chickens infected w HPAI v LPAI: 148 DE miRNAs in total, 98 in HPAI vs LPAI. six enriched pathways including the MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and Hedgehog signaling pathway 👉 vetsci.org/DOIx.php?id=...

Jump of H1N2 from pigs to turkey in France, potentially transmitted bw turkey farms. Slight differences across mammalian-origin cell lines. 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

H4's common in wild birds. Pathogenicity tests in ducks demonstrated showed weak pathogenicity, limited replication + transmission capabilities. Some H4s isolated able to replicate effectively in mice and induce weight loss. 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

Ferret nasal epithelium to aivan H1N1: 🔺 interferon alpha + gamma responses + IL-6 JAK-STAT signaling, 🔻 oxidative phosphorylation. Cellular genotoxic stress + NF-kB, interferon + cell fate pathways different to viruses with diff transmission pathways 👉 journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/...

H3N3 caused egg drop in chickens in Jiangsu Province, China. HA from H3N8, NA gene from H10N3, internals from H9N2, all circulating in China. Developed an inactivated vaccine - highly immunogenic + provides cross-protection against a duck-derived strain. 👉 journals.plos.org/plosone/arti...

Comprehensive study looking at how tetrameric avian immunoglobulin A are uniquely structured to support mucosal immunity. Important for context of HPAI. 👉 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.19.677352v1.full.pdf

July–August 2022, cluster of wild waterfowl deaths occurred at Qinghai Lake. A/brown-headed gull/Qinghai/Q12/2022(H5N1) had PB2-E627K mutation 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

Metaanalysis of microarray data from H5N1 infection experiements in chickens: 259 DEGs b/w normal v infected lungs, 140 up-regulated and 119 down-regulated genes. Hub genes :EPSTI1, IFIH1, IFIT5, IRF1, IRF7, MX1, OASL, PARP14, RSAD2, USP18 👉 journals.plos.org/plosone/arti...

Woooooww.. antibodies against HPAI in wild boar (3.5%) in Germany. No ruminants seropositive, but 12.5–21.9% of carnivores were seropositive. 👉 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

Infrequent overlap instances between 183 GPS-tagged mallards and poultry farms during 2021–2022. Population-level overlap with poultry farms was greatest during pre-breeding migration, followed by the breeding season. 👉 onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/...

HPAI in a Common Tern Colony: R0=3.7 in 2022, 3.2 in 2023. Probability of mortality for an infected bird was 0.26 in 2022 -0.14 in 2023. Brd-to-bird transmission. 👉 besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/...

Mice infected with zoonotic H7N9 LPAIV HA = 🔺mortality, weight loss, severe lung damage, 🔺increased lung viral load . Zoonotic H3N8 HA = 🔺 pathogenicity of reassortants. Double receptor binding + cleavage efficiency = marker for assessment 👉 onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/...

In South America, 11 countries reported H5N1 to WOAH, 10 reported infections in wild birds, spanning 104 species, 59.62% of which are migratory and predominantly non-trans-equatorial = extensive ecological reach 👉 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

2024, human infection w 2 mutations of interest: P136S, A156T. A156T = N-linked glycosylation site = altered antigenicity + 🔻 replication in primary human nasal epithelial cells and ferrets. H5N1 CVV contains HA-T156, remains antigenically effective. 👉 www.nature.com/articles/s44...

Optimized high-throughput whole-genome sequencing (Nanopore) workflow for surveillance of influenza A virus 👉 genomemedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10....

2022 N American outbreak = much mammalian adaptation + pathogenicity. N. Am strain = unique immune cell–mediated systemic dissemination, neuroinvasion, and 100% mortality in ferrets, unlike the nonlethal Eurasian strain. PB2478I and NP450N mutations 👉 www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

HA proteins of clade 1 and 2.3.4.4b H5N1 generally share comparable attachment patterns to avian and mammalian tissues, despite evolving into antigenically distinct clades over the past 3 decades. 👉 journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/...

Why is the observed case fatality ratio of 2344b lower than other HPAI?? The three hypotheses—molecular, epidemiological, and immunological - proposed. Answer remains unclear. 👉 www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

Great to see this one in print! Incredible spread of 2344b across the southern ocean, with substantive outbreaks in the French sub-antarctic islands. 👉 www.nature.com/articles/s41...

In Sweden: biosecurity generally high but heterogeneious. Weakenesses incl: inadequate infrastructure, limited training of farmworkers, suboptimal hand hygiene, difficulties in maintaining good hygiene. 👉 www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

In Europe, Italy experienced 3 major waves from 2016–2023 due to H5N8 and H5N1. First 2 waves by poultry-poutry transmssion. 2022–2023 wave by mid- to long-distance dispersal events positively associated with wetlands, waterbodies, and gull abundances 👉 www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7...