221 - Natural Doors and Windows ** Finding the right position for a window or a door is a subtle matter. But there are very few ways of building which take this into consideration.

224 - Low Doorway High doorways are simple and convenient. But a lower door is often more profound.

104 - Site Repair ** Buildings must always be built on those parts of the land which are in the worst condition, not the best.

210 - Floor and Ceiling Layout Again, the basic problem is to maintain the integrity of the social spaces in the plan.

15 - Neighborhood Boundary * The strength of the boundary is essential to a neighborhood. If the boundary is too weak the neighborhood will not be able to maintain its own identifiable character.

170 - Fruit Trees * In the climates where fruit trees grow, the orchards give the land an almost magical identity: think of the orange groves of Southern California, the cherry trees of Japan, the olive trees of Greece. But the growth of cities seems always to destroy these trees and the quality

48 - Housing in Between ** Wherever there is a sharp separation between residential and nonresidential parts of town, the nonresidential areas will quickly turn to slums.

127 - Intimacy Gradient ** Unless the spaces in a building are arranged in a sequence which corresponds to their degrees of privateness, the visits made by strangers, friends, guests, clients, family, will always be a little awkward.

92 - Bus Stop * Bus stops must be easy to recognize, and pleasant, with enough activity around them to make people comfortable and safe.

187 - Marriage Bed The bed is the center of a couple's life together: the place where they lie together, talk, make love, sleep, sleep late, take care of each other during illness. But beds and bedrooms are not often made in ways which intensify their meaning, and these experiences cannot take

118 - Roof Garden * A vast part of the earth's surface, in a town, consists of roofs. Couple this with the fact that the total area of a town which can be exposed to the sun is finite, and you will realize that is is natural, and indeed essential, to make roofs which take advantage of the sun and

215 - Ground Floor Slab The slab is the easiest, cheapest, and most natural way to lay a ground floor.

125 - Stair Seats * Wherever there is action in a place, the spots which are the most inviting, are those high enough to give people a vantage point, and low enough to put them in action.

100 - Pedestrian Street ** The simple social intercourse created when people rub shoulders in public is one of the most essential kinds of social "glue" in society.

169 - Terraced Slope * On sloping land, erosion caused by run off can kill the soil. It also creates uneven distribution of rainwater over the land, which naturally does less for plant life than it could if it were evenly distributed.

147 - Communal Eating * Without communal eating, no human group can hold together.

84 - Teenage Society Teenage is the time of passage between childhood and adulthood. In traditional societies, this passage is accompanied by rites which suit the psychological demands of the transition. But in modern society the "high school" fails entirely to provide this passage.

194 - Interior Windows Windows are most often used to create connections between the indoor and the outdoors. But there are many cases when an indoor space needs a connecting window to another indoor space.

111 - Half-Hidden Garden * If a garden is too close to the street, people won't use it because it isn't private enough. But if it is too far from the street, then it won't be used either, because it is too isolated.

44 - Local Town Hall * Local government of communities and local control by the inhabitants, will only happen if each community has its own physical town hall which forms the nucleus of its political activity.

214 - Root Foundations The best foundations of all are the kinds of foundations which a tree has - where the entire structure of the tree simply continues below ground level, and creates a system entirely integral with the ground, in tension and compression.

212 - Columns at the Corners ** We have already established the idea that the structural components of a building should be congruent with its social spaces.

191 - The Shape of Indoor Space ** The perfectly crystalline squares and rectangles of ultramodern architecture make no special sense in human or in structural terms. They only express the rigid desires and fantasies which people have when they get too preoccupied with systems and the means of

121 - Path Shape * Streets should be for staying in, and not just for moving through, the way they are today.

181 - The Fire * There is no substitute for fire.

226 - Column Place * Thin columns, spindly columns, columns which take their shape from structural arguments alone, will never make a comfortable environment.

246 - Climbing Plants A building finally becomes a part of its surroundings when the plants grow over parts of it as freely as they grow along the ground.

173 - Garden Wall * Gardens and small public parks don't give enough relief from noise unless they are well protected.

15 - Neighborhood Boundary * The strength of the boundary is essential to a neighborhood. If the boundary is too weak the neighborhood will not be able to maintain its own identifiable character.

81 - Small Services Without Red Tape * Departments and public services don't work if they are too large. When theyare large, their human qualities vanish; they become bureaucratic; red tape takes over.

110 - Main Entrance ** Placing the main entrance (or main entrances) is perhaps the single most important step you take during the evolution of a building plan.

41 - Work Community ** If you spend eight hours of your day at work, and eight hours at home, there is no reason why your workplace should be any less of a community than your home.

202 - Built-in Seats * Built-in seats are great. Everybody loves them. They make a building feel comfortable and luxurious. But most often they do not actually work. They are placed wrong, or too narrow, or the back does not slope, or the view is wrong, or the seat is too hard. This pattern tells

28 - Eccentric Nucleus * The random character of local densities confuses the identity of our communities, and also creates a chaos in the pattern of land use.

226 - Column Place * Thin columns, spindly columns, columns which take their shape from structural arguments alone, will never make a comfortable environment.

161 - Sunny Place ** The area immediately outside the building, to the south - that angle between its walls and the earth where the sun falls - must be developed and made into a place which lets people bask in it.

153 - Rooms to Rent Very simply, when a family or a workgroup shrinks because one or two people leave, the space which becomes empty should be able to find a use. Otherwise, the people who stay behind will rattle around in a hollow shell which is too big for them. They may even be forced to sell

45 - Necklace of Community Projects The local town hall will not be an honest part of the community which lives around it, unIess it is itself surrounded by all kinds of small community activities and projects, generated by the people for themselves.

230 - Radiant Heat * This pattern is a biologically precise formulation of the intuition that sunlight and a hot blazing fire are the best kinds of heat.

101 - Building Thoroughfare When a public building complex cannot be completely served by outdoor pedestrian streets, a new form of indoor street, quite different from the conventional corridor, is needed.

231 - Dormer Windows * We know from our discussion of Sheltering Roof (117) that the top story of the building should be right inside the roof, surrounded by it.

190 - Ceiling Height Variety ** A building in which the ceiling heights are all the same is virtually incapable of making people comfortable.

130 - Entrance Room ** Arriving in a building, or leaving it, you need a room to pass through, both inside the building and outside it. This is the entrance room.

66 - Holy Ground * What is a church or temple? It is a place of worship, spirit, contemplation, of course. But above all, from a human point of view, it is a gateway. A person comes into the world through the church. He leaves it through the church. And, at each of the important thresholds of his

125 - Stair Seats * Wherever there is action in a place, the spots which are the most inviting, are those high enough to give people a vantage point, and low enough to put them in action.

129 - Common Areas at the Heart ** No social group - whether a family, a work group, or a school group - can survive without constant informal contact among its members.

146 - Flexible Office Space Is it possible to create a kind of space which is specifically tuned to the needs of people working, and yet capable of an infinite number of various arrangements and combinations within it?

62 - High Places * The instinct to climb up to some high place, from which you can look down and survey your world, seems to be a fundamental human instinct.

213 - Final Column Distribution ** How should the spacing of the secondary columns which stiffen the walls, vary with ceiling height, number of stories and the size of rooms?

233 - Floor Surface ** We want the floor to be comfortable, warm to the touch, inviting. But we also want it to be hard enough to resist wear, and easy to clean.