💻 In the 1970s, Europe tried to build its own “Airbus of IT” to challenge IBM: the UNIDATA project. A bold dream… that quickly turned into failure. 🤝 An editorial series on #EU history in collaboration with @laurentwarlouzet.bsky.social 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

The Paneuropean Union was founded in 1926 by Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi. His reasoning was geopolitical: the goal was to safeguard Europe’s existence between 2 greater powers, the US and the USSR. 🤝An editorial series in collaboration with @laurentwarlouzet.bsky.social 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

There is still no unified European or international #memory of the #Armenian #genocide, and the activist struggle for #recognition is still both ongoing and relevant ✍️ by Boris Adjemian (@crh.ehess.fr ) 🤝A series on #EU's history in collab. with @laurentwarlouzet.bsky.social ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

How did #environmental concerns, #industrial interests and the desire for European integration contribute to defining technical #standards ? 👉See our new article online ✍️ by Alice Milor 🤝A series on #EU's history in collaboration with @laurentwarlouzet.bsky.social ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

Did you know that the #Armenian genocide of 1915-1916 "played a decisive role in Rafael Lemkin’s formulation of the concept of #genocide (1944)" ? 👉Learn more about this #history with our new article online, ✍️ by Boris Adjemian (AGBU Nubar Library - @crh.ehess.fr ) ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

With the #heatwave we had this #summer, it's time to take a closer look at the #history of air #pollution and ways to fight it at the #international level! 👉 New article online, by @Alexandre Lauverjat 🤝A series on #EU's history in collab. with @laurentwarlouzet.bsky.social ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

What was a "devious" #woman in the 19th century and how was she portrayed? 👉Discover this #history with our new article online ✍️by Célia Honoré ( Ecole des Arts de la Sorbonne - ‪ @sorbonneparis1.bsky.social ) #gender #norms #arts ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

👋To what extend has #social Europe been built up over time? Are we talking about European Welfare States or #Welfare Europe? 👉Discover this #history with a new article online, ✍️by Sandrine Kott! 🤝A series on #EU's history in collaboration with @laurentwarlouzet.bsky.social ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

Flying away this summer ? Discover the #history of #Airbus, "From a Flying Bus to the Symbol of #Industrial Europe" ✍️by David Burigana (Università degli Studi di Padova) & Léonard Laborie (@cnrs.fr) 🤝A series on #EU's history in collab. with @laurentwarlouzet.bsky.social ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

#PrideMonth continues! Discover the #history of same-sex #marriage, which is older than we often think. ✍️ by @regschlag.bsky.social (@ehess.fr - IRIS - @assomnemosyne.bsky.social - @campuscondorcet.bsky.social )👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

Is it possible to transpose the notion of #sovereignty to a #European level? 👋See "Europe and the Nation after WW2", a new article ✍️by Christine Manigand (@sorbonnenouvelle.bsky.social) ! 🤝An editorial series in collab. with @laurentwarlouzet.bsky.social #EU #history 👉 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

👋Can Europe share a common Constitution ? A new article online✍️ by Christine Manigand (@sorbonnenouvelle.bsky.social) 🤝An editorial series in collab. with @laurentwarlouzet.bsky.social (Jean Monnet Chair / @sorbonne-universite.fr ) 👉 ehne.fr/en/encyclope... 👇

👋This is #Pridemonth! 👉 See our article on #queer #history, thanks to Konstantinos Eleftheriadis. ehne.fr/en/encyclope... 👇

During the Bloody Week of May 21-28, 1871, “#women fought like lionesses” to defend the Parisian insurrection 👉 An article about #gender and political #violence, ✍️by historian Fanny Bugnon ( @univrennes2.bsky.social ) #genderhistory #politics #history 👉 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

#Onthisday in 1944, a convoy of Jews and Gypsies left the Westerbork transit camp for Auschwitz. Among people on board, Anna Maria Settela Steinbach, a young #Sinti girl who was murdered at #Auschwitz-Birkenau. #Holocaustremembrance #otd ✍️ by Sylvie Lindeperg 👉 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

🌈 On this International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia, see our article on "Gay Rights and LGBTQI Movements in Europe" ✍️ by @regschlag.bsky.social ( @lab-iris.bsky.social @campuscondorcet.bsky.social @ehess.fr @assomnemosyne.bsky.social) #IDAHOTB 🌈 👉 ehne.fr/en/encyclope... 👇

On May 17&18, 1982, a conference held in Bonn marked a major step in the creation of the European Women’s Lobby #EU #Womenhist #EWL 👉 See Claire Lafon’s explanations ! ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

👋New article online! In the 1920's, "💬the Spirit of #Geneva left behind a real legacy that is more than just a memory" ✍️ by Christian Birebent #LoN #history 🤝An editorial series in collab. with @laurentwarlouzet.bsky.social (Jean Monnet Chair - @sorbonne-universite.fr) 👉 ehne.fr/en/encyclope... 👇

👋As a new #Pope is about to be elected, find out what arbitration power the Pope has had in the modern world over time! An article✍️by historian Albane Pialoux (@lettres-sorbonne.bsky.social). #religioushistory #diplomacy #Vatican 👉 ehne.fr/en/encyclope... 👇

👋New article online ! Discover how #Native Americans and #Black slaves influenced #Christianism in #EarlyModernTimes 👉See 'The Creolization of Christian Worship'✍️by Eric Roulet (ULCO – HLLI) #religioushistory #16thcentury #creolization #NativeAmericans #Blackslaves ehne.fr/en/encyclope... 👇

🕵️‍♀️ To what extent did European nations truly benefit from modern espionage? Was the information they gathered actually useful? Or was the pursuit of intelligence driven more by curiosity — or even obsession? 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

👋New article online ! Were City Dwellers Afraid of the Dark in the 18th Century? ✍️by Sophie Reculin ( @irhisulille.bsky.social ) #culturalhistory #city #night #18thcentury ehne.fr/en/encyclope... 👇

👋New article online! Curious to know why animal rights’ activism has been a question of gender throughout history ? Discover Fabien Carrié's explanations (@upecofficiel.bsky.social - LIPHA ). #history #animals #gender #activism 👉 ehne.fr/en/encyclope... 👇

Mamadou Racine Sy was the first Black soldier in the service of France to attain the rank of captain (in 1883) and to be named an Officer of the Legion of Honor (in 1888). He was a notable exception during the colonial period 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

💬 "The originality of Western printing stemmed from its connection to capitalism and technological development, with important merchants who invested in this new art, such as Johann Fust." 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

⁉️ Is war emancipatory for women? War can blur traditional gender roles, yet it also brings terrible hardships. It is not, or is rarely, the direct cause of egalitarian transformations, such as European women’s acquisition of civil and political equality 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

👋New article online! Did you know that the #International Working Men’s Association... was founded in London in 1864... and counted a few working #women’s groups? #internationalism #labor #history ✍️by Fabrice Bensimon ( @crhxix.bsky.social - @lettres-sorbonne.bsky.social ) 👉 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

💬 “In contrast to the notion that security can be achieved through a balance of power, collective security relies on creating an imbalance of power. However, it never produced the results its advocates had hoped for.” 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

👋New article online! Did you know that "during the #Renaissance, the appearance of #monsters increased greatly... Their #stories were translated, spreading across #Europe..." ? ✍️by Anaïs Fontaine ( @lettres-sorbonne.bsky.social ) #EarlyModern #CulturalStudies ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

An outright denial of the reality of mental disorders in the army can be partly explained by the slow development of psychiatric medicine. In societies dominated by a virile-military model, it can also be attributed to the fear and scorn these conditions inspire 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

🌍 European migration control now relies on the collection, storage, and sharing of biometric data gathered and digitized by the police and consulates of member states. This digitized approach has fueled a rapidly expanding security and surveillance industry 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

📆 April 1, 1815: Birth of Bismarck. 💬 "If after 1871 he sought to ensure a European balance, it was not through the creation of a stabilizing system, but rather by pursuing a policy of manufacturing crises in Europe and elsewhere, with war as his instrument of choice" 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

In the United States, the Radium Girls’ case was in the headlines in the 1920s. The young women factory workers had been instructed to use their lips to sharpen the tips of the paintbrushes they used to dab small amounts of radium onto watch faces for U.S. Army soldiers 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

👋New article online! What place #youth has had in the #European construction since the early 20th century ? Discover this #history with this article ✍️by Mathieu Dubois (IEP de Rennes). 🤝 @laurentwarlouzet.bsky.social, Jean Monnet Chair, #EU 👉 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

💬 "The military-virile model flourished in the nineteenth century, when bearing arms was reserved for men, and conscription throughout Europe linked virility with the defense of the homeland." 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

A remarkable example of individual mobility during the Bronze Age is found in the tomb of the Egtved Girl, whose exceptionally well-preserved organic materials offer revealing insights into the exchanges that took place among various European communities 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

⛈️ Long before global warming was taken seriously, the idea of intentionally modifying the weather and climate through various technologies was widespread in both the Soviet Union and the United States 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

The Nazis never obscured the profoundly masculinist roots of their ideology, which conceived the nation as a Männerbund (community of men), in which the primary function of women (exclusively Aryan women) was to reproduce the race and keep the household 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

👋New article online! "💬As far back as the 1930s... European #environmental films constituted a critical or even accusatory form of #cinema" 👉 Discover this history ✍️by Anne-Claude Ambroise-Rendu (@uvsq.bsky.social ) #historymatters 🤝Laurent Warlouzet, Jean Monnet Chair, #EU ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

☁️ The invention of the aerostat in 1783 was a major milestone in the history of flight, capturing the public’s imagination on a massive scale. 📨 Montgolfier received 111 unsolicited suggestions for improving his machine ! 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

🌍 Numerous researchers have claimed that "the histories of geography and of colonial empires are inextricably entangled." Is that the case ? 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

💬 "Louise Michel was a symbol of women’s emancipation, yet she also served as a kind of “bogeyman” in late-19th-century counter-revolutionary discourse, where she was described as monstrous, mad, ugly, and hysterical." 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

The use of music in the Nazi concentration camp system is mentioned in practically all survivor testimonies. Music was used as part of the torture process, exacerbating the physical and mental suffering inflicted on prisoners 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

Spanning 900 days, from September 1941 to January 1944, the siege of Leningrad claimed the lives of 800,000 of the city’s inhabitants. The memory of the suffering endured by Leningrad’s population was first commemorated, then stifled, and is only gradually re-emerging 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

💬 "In the 19th century, libraries were viewed as male-dominated spaces, while women were largely confined to the private sphere and domestic life. For example, in 1798 at the Birmingham Library, only 32 out of 459 registered readers were women." 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

In the working world, women are anything but a minority. Their contribution to the labor force has always been vast and indispensable. And earning a living in Europe is indeed a matter of gender! 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

⁉️ Does crime have a gender? As early as 1830, a study established the gendered dimension of criminality. the majority of highly serious crimes are the deeds of men 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

🌍 The temptation for the United States to disengage from the European continent emerged as early as the beginning of the 1990s. 🧐 Does the Atlantic Alliance still have a role to play in the post–Cold War world? 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope... #NATO #Trump #Europe

🇺🇸🇬🇧 Is the Anglo-American “Special Relationship” real, or is it simply a myth? 💬 "It must be interpreted as a diplomatic stratagem, which the British deliberately used to maximize their influence in Washington" 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...

🇪🇺 The European defense remains a very modest reality at the operational level. Strengthened cooperation and genuine pooling of resources still run up against national decisions... 👇 ehne.fr/en/encyclope...