The word ‘town’ shares its origin with German ‘Zaun’ (fence) and Dutch ‘tuin’ (garden), despite their big differences. Over the course of 2000 years, their forms and meaning have grown apart. My new graphic shows nine unexpected but true cognates in English, German, Dutch, Frisian, and Swedish:

Stunningly beautiful new popularizing book by Irma Mora Aguiar about Libyco-Berber inscriptions in Gran Canaria! @izmarasan.bsky.social @tagwrsanyils.eurosky.social @lameensouag.bsky.social

Wǝr immǝkkan tan ag ahaḍ wǝr doṣen Wǝr immǝkkan tǝn yeg ayaḍ wǝr dišǝn

@maartenkossmann.bsky.social Does this table look correct to you? This is from Wiktionary, where I have been working on Tarifit entries in my spare time.

ⴰⵎⵉⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵌⴰⵌⵌⵉⴹⵔ ⵜⵎⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵉⵋⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⵎⵉⵍⴾⵉⵎⵏⵢⵏ

A Goth in Timbuktu !

3eid mubarak friends ✨️ ⴰⵎⵓⴷ ⵏⴰⵓⴰⵏ ⵉⴾⵏⴰⵏ ⵜⵌⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⵢⵜⵏ ⵜⵙⴾⵔⵜ

Recently, Post Imperial collaborated with This is Us, a Nigerian company that produces clothes from fiber to finish in Nigeria using local craft traditions. Cotton is from Katsina; dyeing done in Kano. By keeping all of the production local, they reduce their carbon footprint.

There are traditions around some Inesleman groups of Azawagh that associate them with a Jewish origin. These traditions may preserve the memory of past interactions or intermixing because Jewish communities were present in the Sahara and even sahel during the medieval period .

Correspondence Meaning : Heat #Tamajeq : tukṣay #Tadaksahak : korra #Tetserret : akərora The tadaksahak and tetserret word are maybe from songhay but they also look like arabic حارّ/ الحرارة . Maybe the loanword is arabic > songhay > tetserret/tadaksahak ?

Words such as 'museum', 'formula', and 'ratio' instantly give away their Latin origin, but 'wall', 'street', and 'kitchen' come from Latin too! These were borrowed very early: into Proto-West Germanic, the ancestor of English. Today’s graphic shows six construction terms. Next time: food words.

Correspondence Meaning : Mirror #Tamacheq : tiset #Tamajeq : šišet #Tadaksahak : tašanḍuḍ #Tetserret : tašonḍəḍ

If the Idaksahak adopted Northern Songhay relatively recently (around the 16th or 17th century), that would mean they did so at a time when Tamajeq was becoming the dominant language of the region, and the Idaksahak may have already been integrated into the Tuareg political system .

The copper produced at Takedda ( or imported from north Africa and Europe) was mainly exported to the south and it was probably among the copper used by the peoples of southern Nigeria particularly those of Ife to create their impressive bronze heads .

It's strange that we have much more historical data on Ayer region that on Adagh in kidal . Maybe it's because after the decline of Tadmakkat there were no longer major centers in the Adagh ?

Hannayaɣ arak aratan taggan daɣ ikallan nanaɣ sallaɣ fallasan arak salan fǝl wǝr ǝleɣ tǝɣurad mišan wǝr ǝkkesaɣ aṭṭama n agaraw tǝsǝgmǝṭ Ǝẓẓarǝk agar id karadǝn teggǝn gud ǝkallǝn ǝnnank šellǝk afšǝn agar nǝšfaš af wǝr ilak tǝžǝmmar mǝšan wǝr ǝkkošǝk aḍḍama n agarok n tǝmosgǝrt

All Tetserret speakers are bilingual in Tamajeq. So Tetserret is declining in front of an Amazigh language that is more conservative than it .

Correspondence > The goat is in the house #Tamajeq : taɣat taha ehan #Tetserret : taḍ ta in > In the house there is the goat #Tamajeq : ehan tahay taɣat #Tetserret : in tatu taḍ Tamajeq is proto-amazigh compared to Tetserret 😂

Pour les ceusses que ça intéresse, voici le plus récent état des lieux sur les styles d'art rupestre du Sahara central et leur chronologie. Historique des recherches, définition des styles et explication du tableau se trouvent ici: chk.me/bWRiPMC

Expression: > They claim that , they maintain that #Tamajeq : ǝṭṭafanas #Tetserret: ǝḍḍofǝnšad > They think that #Tamajeq : odmanas #Tetserret : ǝḍḍamǝnšad

Correspondence Meaning : Darkness > Tamasheq : tihay > Tamajeq : šiyyay > Tetserret : tallast > Tadaksahak : tallast I wonder if the tuareg word is related to hausa word for darkness "duhu" 🤔

@phdnix.bsky.social @maartenkossmann.bsky.social @lameensouag.bsky.social this is above my paygrade!

Another weird case with the uvular fricative in french , why the name of Azawaɣ become Azawak in french instead of Azawar ?

From 8 to 19 regions The names of the new regions seem to be based on the names of traditional regions . But some names and divisions may not be accepted by the population .

Correspondence Meaning : Ladle > Tamajeq : asəlku , amola > Tetserret : šigəm > Zenaga : əšəgəm > Hassaniya : išigim

A Roman style mausoleum near Garama, the ancient capital of the Garamantes. On the façade we can see some Tifinagh inscriptions

The tetserret word seems to be related to hassaniya arabic 'ataš' which means the same thing. But don't know if it's of Amazigh origin

Correspondence Meaning : stick , staff , cane... #Tamasheq : Abori #Tamajeq : Abori #Tetserret : Adaš

one phase further probably *əskărăx (at least in my story, Taine-Cheikh has a different opinion). I wonder where the /a/ in the beginning of /askarak/ comes from. Might in the end be a verb of a different type, in which case I'd have to retract the reconstruction *əskărəɣ -- bu idk 🤷‍♂️

Assuming that Pre-Proto-Western Amazigh is the same as Proto-Amazigh, I would say *əskărəɣ

Reconstruction of " i did " in Pre-proto-western-Amaz : *askaraɣ > Proto-western-Amaz : *askarak > Zenaga : askarag > Tetserret : ǝskorǝk Not sure with the vowels in Pre-proto-western-Amaz @maartenkossmann.bsky.social @lameensouag.bsky.social

In many case the Zenaga substrate in hassaniya arabic has K/L where modern Zenaga has G/Y . And t where Zenaga has đ

Correspondence Meaning : to go in the afternoon #Tamajeq : edwa #Tetserret : issadba #Zenaga : yassedba #Hassaniya : əssadba

The people of Iheren were certainly among those who spread the pastoral way of life at the end of the Green Sahara .

The Tamajeq "awa kayiwaran" and the Tetserret "ad kinokən" literally mean "what is on you" but it means "your duty"

Ǝnneɣak amidinin tada tǝmǝdurt tara taẓeḍart ǝgmi daɣas awa dak igdan taga daɣas awa kay iwaran Ǝnnakak ǝmǝddǝkelǝn tada tudǝrt tara tǝṣiḍart ottǝr guš ad kilkomǝn tegǝt guš ad kinokǝn

Iheren pastoralist groups from the neolitic central Sahara. They left many exceptional paintings and engravings .

I was reading an article and came across this Hassaniya word 'zimla' referring to a sandy hill. It seems to be cognate with the Tetserret word 'ažumər' which means a dune . So Tetserret borrowed this word from dialectal Arabic ?

Btw, Do you know that according to Herodotus it was the Libyans who taught the Greeks how to use four-horse chariots. While historically one would expect the opposite? This maybe suggests the importance of four-horse chariots among the Libyans of that time .

Mali chose its name in reference to the Mali Empire . Nigeria chose its name in reference to the Niger River . Is Mali more legitimate than Nigeria because its name refers to an ancient political entity ?

It's unlikely that the solution in Mali will come from Mali itself. Because everyone has become radicalized. Each side accuses the other of being the devil .

Correspondence Meaning : I sent it to him yesterday #Tamajeq : sassawayaɣast ǝnḍazǝl #Tetserret : aššawayakašt ǝnḍǝlbas

In the central Sahel there are two main groups that define themselves as jihadist. There is JNIM, which allied with the separatist of azawad , and there is Daesh (ISIS) . JNIM and Daesh are also in conflict with each other .

ⵓⴰⵏⵎⴰⵣⵓⴰⵏ

Memoṣ iblis weggazan gǝr mǝḍrayan tan iṣaknaṣ ? Rǝɣis uksan Rǝɣis ǝmǝgǝr Mǝdimoṣ iblis wad ǝkkomǝn egarat maṣṣaḍǝn tǝn išaknaš ? Yarḥaš ǝkšǝn Yarḥaš ǝmgǝr

Isalan : kidal tǝtǝrmas tǝtawakkas daɣ fassan tat wǝr nǝla Nəšfaš : kidal tǝtarmaš tǝtwakkoš gud ǝfassǝn šit wǝr nilǝnin

Correspondence > Tamasheq : iǧrawahi > Tamajeq : igrawi > Tetserret : igroki

Correspondence > Where does he come from ? #Tamajeq : Maddifal ? #Tetserret : Məddikka ? > he comes from the market #Tamajeq : əṣṣuk addifal #Tetserret : əssoq addikka Tamajeq uses the verb əfel (to leave) and Tetserret uses the verb akk (to go) .

Tamajeq / Tadaksahak / Tetserret: - abus = atriš = otrəš = wound - amagal = saffari = ašafar = remedy * Tamajeq has also the word asafar but "amagal" is more common, and some said it's maybe of hausa origin .