I just noticed that besides the inscriptions with the verb HRƔ there are other inscriptions that all seem to begin with the letters ⵏⵙ @maartenkossmann.bsky.social @phdnix.bsky.social @lameensouag.bsky.social

Idaksahak

One of the most weird things about the tifinagh inscription of Mauritania is the surrepresentation of symbols ⵗ and ☰ that correspond to the sounds h and ɣ . These sounds are precisely the ones that are often lost in Zenaga, the Amazigh language associated with this region .

The year is coming to an end it ends in doubt and bitterness but we don't lose hope maybe the coming year will be better may God grant us his blessings and protect us from harm

Awatay inda inda daɣ aššak d arak temḅe mišan wǝr nǝkkeṣ aṭṭama mižənas ad tafu wadd iglan ikfanaɣ amaqqar tǝnfannet ogaẓanaɣ daɣ tǝkmannet Šabbaš imad imad gud aššak akat agar taṭfi mǝšan wǝr nǝkkoš aḍḍama məžənšəd ad tif wadd oɣadan ikfank maxlak annafas igaṣank gud almaḍḍaras

Correspondence #Zenaga : - kayđ yaskar - tak ayđ yinabba #Tetserret : - mǝd iskor - mǝd inabba Meaning : - What did he do ? - What is he saying?

Ozalan žilan nǝgla dǝrsan Eyželǝn aṣṣan noɣada dišǝn

Some Tifinagh inscriptions found between Iwalatan and Tichit in Mauritania. We can see that some inscriptions are of the type HRƔ + name

More gleanings: Ibn Tunart's (d.1172) dictionary (MS_088_a). Brackets= my lect, Tmz, Goulmima, Morocco) > isggusn: years (isggʷasn) > irn: months (ayyurn) > tanbdudt: summer (anbdu, ṣṣif) > tagrst: winter (tagrst) > talddrar: spring (tifsa, ṛṛbiʕ) > tamnžušt: fall (amḍṛ, lxrif) *seasons all fem!

A neat bit of Japanese orthography. Japanese uses three scripts: 1. Kanji (chinese characters), basically for native roots and chinese loanwords. 2. Hiragana, mostly for case endings and verbal inflections 3. Katakana, mostly used for (English) loanwords. But katakana have other uses...

In many Arabic loanwords , tetserret is closer to tadaksahak than tamajeq For exemple the word for " Book" #Tamajeq : ǝlkǝttab #Tetserret : ǝliktab #Tadaksahak : adiktab ( < *aliktab )

The fact that Mahamad Amodesh, the ancestor of eastern Iwellemedan has a Tetserret nickname suggests that Tetserret was widely spoken at his time or his family was related to tetserret speakers. The second hypothesis is the most plausible .

ⴱⴰⵙ ⵉⴶⴶⵜ ⴷⴰⵗⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⵏⵗ ⵙ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⵗ ⵓⵔ ⵙⵙⵢⵏⵗ ⵎⴰⴼⵢⵍ ⵏⴾ ⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⴷⵢⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴾⴰⵜⵜⴰⴱⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⵜⵢⴷⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⵗ

Geographically, between the Igdalan and the Dawsahak there are several Inesleman groups who speak only Tamajeq language, and it's among these groups that we find the speakers of Tetserret (attawari , kel aghlal) .

" Me and you " #Tamajeq : nak d kay #Tetserret : nik akat kig

" What did you do ? " #Tamajeq : Ma tǝgam #Tetserret : Mǝd tigǝm

Tetserret words : Assuq = the market (Sg) Dəliswaq = the markets (Pl) Dəssuk = trading activity (buying , selling ....)

The Tamajeq dialect of Azawagh is probably one of the most weird Tamajeq dialects particularly because of its emphasis .

Eweɣ iyyan ...

Tetserret language has a good image among its speakers . And paradoxically this may be one of the reasons of its decline .

Correspondence Meaning : All , all of you #Tamajeq : ketnawan / kulnawan #Tadaksahak : andikamil #Tetserret : ɣǝrǝdǝnnetǝn The tetserret word ɣǝrǝd (all) is mostly used in tamasheq dialect while in the J dialect in which the speakers of tetserret are bilingual its mostly ket- and kul-

Correspondence Meaning : I saw six women #Tamajeq : ǝnaya sǝḍisat tǝḍoḍen #Tetserret : ǝṣrak šaḍiš tǝṣnagin #Tadaksahak : aɣagguna surgon šaḍiš

Mathematicians here? Here some pages from a Timbuktu manuscript on mathematical problems

Correspondence Meaning : - i thought - he thought #Tamajeq : - aɣilaɣ - eɣil #Tetserret : - dan əttaḍǝnkan - dan əttaḍnan

The central Sahara or Mars on earth

It’s Tuesday, oral exams period coming up, so a (temporary?) end to this Libyco-Berber tombstones series. But first: some really puzzling stuff. A series of inscriptions was found in 1938 in Mechta el Maza close to Bouchegouf (ex-Duvivier), Guelma region, eastern Algeria (RIL 1076-1091) 🧵

Correspondence #Tamajeq : issəṇsa eɣafnet fǝl tadafort #Tetserret : ižžǝdož efǝs af talla #ZenagaH : yahiđah i'fiš af talla Meaning : He rested his head on the pillow

Apparently there's a new book on "the Idaksahak and their scholars' efforts in financial judgements: the case of fiqh letters" - published in Kano, Nigeria, of all places. I haven't seen a copy, but an earlier work (thesis?) by the same author is online:

Your weekly Monday Libyco-Berber tombstone. This one is from Tunisia for once (although close to the Algerian border) - found in Dar Tebala in the Ouchtata forest, Ghardimaou region, RIL 85. It is a Latin - LB bilingual text. It looks bigger on the photo than it is, - but still 1.40m

I know I risk mass-unfollowing and cancellation, but today we will look at a Libyco-Berber inscription on a rock, not at a tombstone. In 1960, a spectacular found was made in the High Atlas in Morocco at a place called Azib-n-Ikkis. It consists of a stylized man in a cowboy coat with LB inscription

Leɣ amidi I have a friend

For Saturday’s Libyco-Berber tombstone, let’s have a look at a double inscription on the same stone, RIL 989, found in Mechta Charef in eastern Algeria. Copy by Rodary.🧵

Id baba n tamodšt dbeln baba n aṛman wr ngožnin tineri wr kšaln d widašn žbarnin anin tineri kkšorn guš iln guš anan akat arawn tomln omž aš ig anawwad šešbn ar aɣozir aš ig zzargu Tiln ilman akat tistan Tiln išan akat aɛyul Aqqet gušn ad anin aṛman Tkšidda tbkna gušn kkomn aṛman Ɛɛimn gušn

Correspondence Meaning : Bad word / talk #Tamajeq : ark awal #Tetserret : agar ǝlžimǝɛa #Tadaksahak : agar lelaw

Today is Friday and we will have a look at a small cemetery from Ksaïr in the Bou Hadjar region of eastern Algeria. All nine stelae in this cemetery seem to belong to Slnbrt and his family. (all copies and photos were made by Rodary and published in CHabot 1940 [RIL]) 🧵

Correspondence Meaning : We saw a gazelle pursued by a lion #Tamajeq : nǝnay ǝzǝnkǝḍ istaɣ ahar #Tetserret : nǝṣra ažonkǝḍ ikkikel ar

Just one more bilingual Libyco-Berber tombstone for Thursday, RIL 252, found in Aïn el Hafra in eastern Algeria. The reproduction in Chabot (1941) is, well..., not *very* helpful. But we can trust his transcriptions! 🧵

Tombstone Tuesday! All these Libyco-Berber tombstones are the same, you say? Well - you are not entirely wrong. But here we have RIL 236, an inscription from the large cemetery of Chabet el Mekous in the Cheffia region in eastern Algeria.

Northern Niger

Libyco-Berber (LB) Tombstones - the Monday edition. Today, we will have a look at an inscription from Morocco. LB tombstones are written in two different scripts, commonly called "eastern" and "western". For the eastern script we have enough useful bilinguals to be certain about their reading. 🧵

Why did Nigeria intervene in Benin to thwart the coup d'état but not in Niger ? According to some during the coup in Niger elites from northern Nigeria advised the Nigerian authorities not to intervene in Niger . With Benin it seems the context has changed .

Coups d'état in Africa 🤦

It's Sunday, so maybe another Libyco-Berber (LB) tombstone? Today we will take a look at RIL 803, a LB-Punic bilingual text. It was found in 1890 in Fedj Mzala (Mechta Beni Oukden), Mila region, Algeria, and published and explained by a certain Cpt. Mélix (copy copied from Chabot 1940).

Just saw something very interesting Apparently the equivalent of tamajeq word təlxutbat ( religious sermon) in Tagdalt is talḥutbat with a ḥ while this word is from arabic خطبة This case is also attested in tetserret in at least one word yarḥaš (to be cheap) from arabic رخيص

It is Saturday, so why not present you with a Libyco-Berber tombstone ? This is RIL 145 from Kef Beni Fredj in northeastern Algeria - one of the more famous bilingual stelae. First an image of the stela as a whole (by Reboud; all images taken from Chabot 1940):

Why in tetserret the preposition "and" is mostly "akat" and not "d" like in tamajeq and many Amazigh languages ? A possible influence of the Songhay "nda" ?

Correspondence #Tetserret : ogrǝḍ = djin, evil spirit #Tachelhit : agruḍ = ogre But this word is less attested in other Amazigh languages compared to waɣzen , tamẓa and tegru

Correspondence - To milk - Milking #Tamajeq : - əẓẓəg - taẓək #Tetserret : - oṣṣəg - toṣəg

Weɣazan aṇu uḍa daɣas Wad ǝwwažǝn omǝž iḍar guš

In Tasawaq there is the verb yiqat that means to hate. I don't know the origin of this verb but maybe it's related to the mysterious word ⵈ (q) of Tifinagh inscriptions. This word is written with a single letter ⵈ (q) and it's work like verb @maartenkossmann.bsky.social @lameensouag.bsky.social