Comparative wordlist from an old Cornish language vocabulary clipping I've kept and now extended to include connected words in the related Brythonic #Celtic languages as well as French and English. #Cymraeg #Welsh #Kernewek #Cornish #Brezhoneg #Breton #Français #French #langsky

Was asking AI about #Esperanto affixes and it responded back at me: "A classic example often cited is gekuniklidetaĉoj". For one, this word doesn't exist so I doubt it's "a classic example often cited"? So I asked AI to create some more Esperanto words for me, this is what it came up with. #langsky

I'd guess #Cornish: 'myll' ("poppy") is cognate with the older/dialect #Welsh: word ("millyn") for the plant 'violet' ( #Kernewek: melion n.coll "violet"). These words probably have a connection with the words for "clover": #Kernewek: mellyonen #Cymraeg: meillionen #Brezhoneg: melchon #langsky

Dydw i ddim yn siŵr am y cyfieithiad Cernyweg am y gair "pebble" na'r un Manaweg chwaith? Not sure about these translations offered for "pebble" in Cornish and Manx? #langsky #Kernewek #Cornish #Manx #Gaelg #Cymraeg #Welsh

Apparently we have 3 native cockroach species in the UK living outdoors and in southern areas. Yet the pest variety I've never seen, even the word "cockroach" is a 1600s borrowing from #Spanish cucaracha. I assume before this, it was just called a "black-beetle" as in #Welsh 'chwilen ddu' ? #langsky

Welsh for gypsophila is gypsoffila but dictionaries also suggest • calchlys (lime-plant) • blodyn calch (lime flower) This is 'lime' ("calch") as in alkaline, chalky soil. In #Cornish I've only seen a calque • blejen calgh Only see "anadl babi" (baby's-breath) on google translated websites. #langsky

I'm uncertain what the corresponding #Breton verb 'ober' paradigm is when forming questions in the past tense? The #Welsh interrogative particle ("a") is hidden triggering soft mutation of the verb the same construction as the #Cornish ("a"). #langsky #Brezhoneg #Kernewek #Cymraeg

Some fossilised forms kept in #Kernewek from Old English are: amari > armoire - French and old word in English for a cupboard. hansel > Old Eng 'handselen' "given into the hand" has an archaic sense of a first meal ie. "breakfast" although #Cornish does has an equivalent to #Breton "lein". #langsky

Er bod na eiriau brodorol #Cymraeg am squid a game, yn yr achos hwn ac yn ôl Wicipedia, Squid Game ydy "Gêm Sgwid" sy', fel y gwelwch, yn fenthyceiriau. Even though there's #Welsh native words for "squid" and "game", in this instance and according to Wiki, Squid Game is Gêm Sgwid both Eng loanwords

#Breton also has 'draeneg' (cognate with #Welsh: draenog) as a synonym of 'heureuchin' ("hedgehog"). #Manx #Gaelg has 'graynoge' akin to #Irish (gráinneog) and Scots #Gaelic (gràineag). Another Manx name 'arkan sonney' ("lucky piggy") for hedgehog is an allusion to a creature from folklore. #langsky

I thought I'd finally use these clippings from old #Cornish publications I kept back in the mid-90s which I've had kicking around for years. Notice how #Kernewek has preserved 'spisti' ("spice-house") a dated English term for greengrocer's, akin to modern French 'épicerie' meaning the same. #langsky

Dim ond un enghraifft o'r gair 'ma dw i wedi'i gweld ar wefan, ond dw i'n meddwl fy mod i wedi dŵad ar draws tautoleg Gernyweg? I think I've found a #Cornish tautology? #Kernewek: hwegys hweg ("corn melys" / "sweet corn") hweg - sweet ys - corn hweg -sweet "sweet corn sweet" #Cymraeg #langsky

Even though in Welsh 'train station' is "gorsaf trên", I can understand the Breton on the signage because Breton: 'ti-gar' looks like Welsh: "tŷ car" ("car house") and Breton: 'er-maez' looks like South Wales dialect "i maes" (adv. "out"). #Breton #Brezhoneg #Cymraeg #Welsh #langsky

Dunno if there exists other regional versions of the ALDI supermarket shopping bags around the UK to match the ones in Wales like this one but I mocked up a #Cornish flag one.

Roeddwn i'n arfer ymweld â Chernyw lawer pan oedd gen i deulu'n dal i fyw yno ym Mhorth Ia (St Ives) ac roeddwn i'n arfer casglu'r cardiau post twristaidd 'ma. I used to visit #Cornwall a lot when I still had family living there in St Ives and I used to collect these tourist post cards. #langsky

Sonyow Kernewek Sounds of Cornish (language) 🍎AVAL 👦MAW ✉️MAYLYER 🪙BATH 🏠CHI 🍃DELENN 🌲GWYDHENN #Cymraeg #Brezhoneg #Breton #Kernewek #Welsh #Cornish #langsky

Sonyow #Kernewek Sounds of #Cornish (language) #langsky

A comparative list of Welsh prefixes corresponding with its equivalent in Cornish and Breton. #Cymraeg #Brezhoneg #Breton #Kernewek #Welsh #Cornish #langsky

#Cornish spider-crab names baa't-stailer ba-wiggle bait stealer cannykeeper corwich crabalorgin creagle gaberick gabrick gaverick gavrygen gezza-crab gramfer jinkin grezza-crab griggle grill keywaigle keywiggle potherick pothrick quiddle quiggle samson george skerry spider tragezawt wiggle #langsky

#Cornish: gwragh brenn and #Breton: gwrac'h-koad mean "wood witch/wrasse" where #Brezhoneg: 'koad' ("wood") is cognate with #Welsh: coed ("wood" group of trees). #Cymraeg: 'pysgoden broc môr' means "sea wreckage #fish" where 'broc' has came from English: "broke" (fragment). #Kernewek #langsky

I can't find any #Cornish or #Breton names for the witch flounder #fish Glyptocephalus cynoglossus. The #Welsh: (lleden/pysgoden) witsian is the adapted English 'witch' (fish). #Latin: cynoglossus means dog/hounds tongue akin to #German Hundszunge; #Dutch hondstong fish names of the witch. #langsky

The whiting, merling (Merlangius merlangus) #fish names in #Cornish: gwynnek #Welsh: gwyniad and #Breton: gwenneg are all derived from the colour word 'white' in #Kernewek: gwynn #Cymraeg: gwyn #Brezhoneg: gwen.

#Welsh: cranc llygatgoch means "red-eyed crab" without any remake upon its velvety appearance like #French: 'crabe laineux' ("woolly crab") and #Breton 'krank-mordañvad' "sea+sheep crab". #Cornish: 'krank neyj glas' means "blue swim/flying/floating crab". #Cymraeg #Brezhoneg #Kernewek #langsky #fish

#Cornish: leyth vrith (=brith) means "speckled flatfish" while all the others have adapted a form of 'turbot' #Breton: turbodenn; #Welsh: torbwt which came into English from Anglo-Norman via #French: turbot from a Old #Norse source which gave #Swedish: törnbut - törn+but (thorn+flatfish). #langsky

No-one seems to know where the word "tope" comes from but the Oxford English Dictionary says it's probably a #Cornish (dialect?) borrowed word without citing any alternates? #Welsh: ('ci glas') calls it literally a "blue dog".

#Welsh has morgath ("ray" lit. sea+cat) pigog ("spiky ray") / garw ("rough ray") / stỳds ("studs ray") for the 'thornback ray'. #Cornish: karleyth grija is 'sturgeon ray' with 'krija' being cognate with #Breton: 'kreia' ("sturgeon"). #Cymraeg #Brezhoneg #Kernewek #langsky #fish

#Breton doesn't seem to differentiate between the small-eyed ray (Raja microocellata) and the undulate ray with both being in #Brezhoneg: rae c'hris ("grey ray"). Both #Cornish: "tonnek" and #Welsh: "tonnog" calque #Latin: 'undulata' "wavy ray". #Cymraeg #Kernewek #langsky #fish

#Welsh: môr-lawes ("squid") literally means "sea-sleeve" while #Cymraeg: ystifflog ("cuttlefish; squid") is cognate with #Cornish: stifek and #Breton: stivellog which are derived from #Kernewek: stif and #Brezhoneg: stiv with the meaning of a 'jet of water'. #langsky #fish

All are in unison incorporating the 'spiny'; 'spur' element in their names for the spiny dogfish; spurdog (Squalus acanthias). #Cornish: drenek literally means 'thorny' with #Welsh: dreiniog and #Breton: dreinek both "thorny" being cognates. #Cymraeg: pigog =spiny #Brezhoneg #Kernewek #langsky #fish

On the face of it #Cornish: karleyth deyl du ("spotted ray") looks like it means black ("du") manure ("teyl") ray ("karleyth") but it's surmised to mean either 'thick brow'("tal dew") or 'burnt brow' ("tal *dewi") *cognates #Breton: deviñ, #Welsh: deifio #Cymraeg #Brezhoneg #Kernewek #langsky #fish

The first element ("gor-") of #Cornish: gorleythen ("Dover sole" #fish) corresponds to #Breton: garlizen rather than the #Kernewek prefix gor- "over-" according to the dictionary. The #Brezhoneg: frankenn ("sole") is from Norman #French: 'fanque' (modern French "fange") mud, filth. #langsky #Welsh

The #Welsh: 'morgath lygaid-bach' is a calque of English 'small-eyed ray' but unsure of what's behind the meaning of #Cornish: 'karleyh ol' where 'ol' means "trail; track; (foot) print; mark". #Kernewek: oula is another word for an "owl". #Cymraeg #Brezhoneg #Breton #langsky #fish

I can't seem to find a specific word for 'shagreen ray' in #Cornish nor a definitive word in #Breton? #French, #Welsh have names relating to tradional clothmaking with 'raie chardon' ("fuller's thistle; teasel") and #Cymraeg: cribog ("fuller's comb"). A 'fuller' in #Kernewek is troghyer. #langsky

The #French: goémon ("seaweed") was borrowed from Middle #Breton: gwemon (Breton: goumon) although #Brezhoneg: bezhin has largely surpassed goumon. Brezhin is cognatre with #Welsh: eithin and #Cornish: eythinn ("gorse, furze") as well as #Irish: feamainn ("seaweed"). #langsky #Cymraeg #Kernewek

#Breton: skouarnigell ("variegated scallop") literally means "little ear": skouarn ("ear" - #Welsh "ysgyfarn") + diminutive -ig + suffix -ell (or -igell) which I would've expected its plural to be *skouarnigelloù rather than skouarnigelled? #Cymraeg #Brezhoneg #Kernewek #Cornish #langsky #fish

#Cornish: hernen and #Welsh: pennog both really mean "herring". If you've heard of a 'stargazy pie', #Kernewek: hogen ster-lagatta ("star-staring pie") or hogen sterwolok ("starry") then it's tradionally pilchards baked in a pie 'staring' at the heavens. #Cymraeg #Brezhoneg #Breton #langsky #fish

Can't find a specific #Cornish word for a 'sand sole' #fish other than a generic leythen ("flatfish"). There's an equivalent to #Breton: garlizenn ("sole") in #Kernewek: gorleythen but that's a Dover sole. #Cymraeg is really Dover sole ("lleden wadn") + sand ( "y tywod"). #Brezhoneg #Welsh #langsky

Confusingly, there are a couple of #fish species that we both lump together and call "red mullet". English "surmullet" is from #French: surmulet which means "reddish-brown mullet". #Cymraeg: mingrwn ("mullet") means 'round-lipped'. #Brezhoneg #Kernewek #Welsh #Cornish #langsky

#Cornish: elek ("gurnard" #fish) means "big-browed" from #Kernewek: el "projection" #Breton: elleck ("spurred") #Welsh: aeliog ("big-browed"). #Cymraeg: penhaearn means "ironhead" due to the shape of the red gurnard's head. #Brezhoneg #langsky

Some other languages with pilgrim+shell compound words for "scallop". #Catalan: petxina de pelegrí #Galician: cuncha de pelegrín #Spanish: concha de peregrino #Italian: conchiglia dei pellegrini #Portuguese: concha de peregrino #German: Große Pilgermuschel #Swedish: pilgrimsmussla #langsky

#Cornish: kelligen ("razor-shell") is a shortened form of kellylygen, a diminutive of kellyllik ("pocket-knife") itself a diminutive of kollell ("knife"). Similarly #Breton: kontelleg is a diminutive of kontell ("knife") while troad-kontell is "knife-handle" from the shape of the shell. #langsky

#Cornish: krogen brierin ("scallop") is literally “pilgrim's shell” the scallop shell being the emblem of Christian pilgrims of Santiago de Compostela and was originally worn as proof of a successful pilgrimage. #Cymraeg #Brezhoneg #Kernewek #Welsh #langsky #fish

The etymology of #Cornish: bibyn bubyn (prawn; shrimp) is unclear but #Kernewek: 'legestik' is a diminutive of 'legest' meaning "little lobster" (also means "langoustine" - Nephrops norvegicus) while similarly #Welsh: corgimwch means "dwarf-lobster". #Cymraeg #Brezhoneg #langsky #fish

#French: tacaud is from #Breton: takohed ("pouting" #fish) which may be connected to French "tacon" ("young salmon") proably from a #Gaulish source? #Cornish: lagetter ("starer") and #Brezhoneg: daoulagad braz ("big eyes") allude to the pouting's large eyes. #Cymraeg #Kernewek #Welsh #langsky

#Welsh: morleisiad ("pollack") is formed from môr+gleisiad which means "sea young salmon" utlimately from #Cymraeg: glas ("blue/green"). #Cymraeg #Brezhoneg #Kernewek #Welsh #Cornish #langsky #fish

The red-orange spots of the European plaice are reflected in #Cymraeg: (lleden) smotyn coch, #Brezhoneg: (lizenn) ruz and #Kernewek: (leythen) rudh as well as other languages especially Scandinavian: #Faroese: reyðsprøka #Swedish: rödspätta #Danish: rødspætte #Icelandic: rauðspretta #langsky #fish

The Pacific or Japanese oyster was introducted in the 1960s in France to replace the native oyster stocks which were seriously dwindling due to overfishing and viral disease. #Cornish: hebask ("peaceful"; Pacific) is 'pask' ( #Latin: pax "peace") + prefix 'he-' (easily, readily). #langsky #Kernewek

#Cornish: kollell-lesa ("octopus") is akin to #Welsh: môr-gyllell ("cuttlefish") literally sea+knife (="cyllell") but #Kernewek attaches '-lesa' making it mean something like, "wide/spreading/unfolding knife". #Breton: poch-an-toer looks like it's "roofer's bag, pocket". #Brezhoneg #langsky #fish

The #Welsh: 'wystrys' ("oysters") was borrowed from Middle English: 'oistres' from #Latin: 'ostrea' same as the other languages #Breton, #Cornish and #French but all ultimately from Ancient #Greek: ὄστρεον (óstreon). Etymology of #Cymraeg: 'llymarch' is unknown. #Kernewek #Brezhoneg #fish #langsky

The (Southern Wales) #Welsh: 'misglod' ("mussels") is a double-plural which doesn't occur in English but is quite common in #Breton, #Cornish and to a lesser degree in #Cymraeg. Northern Welsh uses 'cragen las' ("blue shell") and 'cragen ddu' ("black shell"). #Brezhoneg #Kernewek #langsky #fish