Want to know more about the #SD? J. E. Axelsen. “The Cordon Sanitaire: A Social Norm-Based Model”. In: Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties online first (2023), pp. 1-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2023.2168272.

L. Kestel and L. Godmer. “Institutional Inclusion and Exclusion of Extreme Right Parties”. In: Western Democracies and the New Extreme Right Challenge. Ed. by R. Eatwell and C. Mudde. London, New York: Routledge, 2004, pp. 133-149.

Italy and the #RadicalRight G. Baldini, F. Tronconi, and D. Angelucci. “Yet Another Populist Party? Understanding the Rise of Brothers Of Italy”. In: South European Society and Politics 27.3 (2022), pp. 385-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2022.2159625.

gender: B. Guinaudeau and M. Jankowski. “Do Radical-Right Parties Use Descriptive Representation Strategically? A Replication of Weeks Et Al. (2023)”. In: I4R Discussion Paper Series (2024).

the economy and the #RadicalRight D. Halikiopoulou and T. Vlandas. “Risks, Costs and Labour Markets: Explaining Cross-national Patterns of Far Right Party Success in European Parliament Elections”. In: Journal of Common Market Studies 54.3 (2016), pp. 636-655.

attitudes, ideology, personality: D. Art. Inside the Radical Right. The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

attitudes, ideology, personality and the #RadicalRight P. Davies. National Front in France. Ideology, Discourse and Power. London: Routledge, 1999.

F. Eder. “The Nature of a Populist and Radical-Right Foreign Policy: Analysing the Freedom Party's Participation in the Right-Wing Austrian Government”. In: The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 26.4 (2024), pp. 1100-1120.

Published last year: B. Davis, J. Goodliffe, and K. Hawkins. “The Two-Way Effects of Populism on Affective Polarization”. In: Comparative Political Studies (2024), p. online first. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00104140241237453.

M. Fennema. “Legal Repression of Extreme-Right Parties and Racial Discrimination”. In: Challenging Immigration and Ethnic Relations Politics: Comparative European Perspectives. Ed. by R. Koopmans and P. Statham. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, pp. 119-144.

Are you interested in populism? → M. Matsunaga. “Are Right-Wing Populists More Likely to Justify Political Violence?” In: European Journal of Political Research online first (2024), pp. 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12668.

populism and the #RadicalRight M. Mauk. “Rebuilding Trust in Broken Systems? Populist Party Success and Citizens" Trust in Democratic Institutions”. In: Politics and Governance 8.3 (2020), pp. 45-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i3.2896.

Want to know more about the #RN? J. Kawalerowicz. “Long-running Traditions of Racial Exclusionism: Is There Evidence of Historical Continuity in Local Support for Extreme Right Parties in England and Wales?” In: Party Politics 25.2 (2019), pp. 227-232.

The #RadicalRight in the Netherlands: S. L. de Lange and D. Art. “Fortuyn versus Wilders: An Agency-Based Approach to Radical Right Party Building”. In: West European Politics 34.6 (2011), pp. 1229-1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2011.616662.

attitudes, ideology, personality and the #RadicalRight N. Mayer. “The Front National in the Plural”. In: Patterns of Prejudice 32 (1998), pp. 4-24.

Are you interested in the #RadicalRight in Italy and Russia? → B. Carlotti. “A Divorce of Convenience: Exploring Radical Right Populist Parties' Position on Putin's Russia Within the Context of the Ukrainian War. A Social Media Perspective”. In: Journal of Contemporary European

opportunity structures and the #RadicalRight N. Guerra. “The Russian-Ukrainian War Has Shattered the European Far Right. The Opposing Influences of Steve Bannon and Aleksandr Dugin”. In: European Politics and Society 25.2 (2024), pp. 421-439.

Are you interested in populism? → L. Heyne and L. Manucci. “A New Iberian Exceptionalism? Comparing the Populist Radical Right Electorate in Portugal and Spain”. In: Political Research Exchange 3.1 (2021), p. 1989985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2474736X.2021.1989985.

populism: A. Reiljan and A. Ryan. “Ideological Tripolarization, Partisan Tribalism and Institutional Trust: The Foundations of Affective Polarization in the Swedish Multiparty System”. In: Scandinavian Political Studies 44.2 (2021), pp. 195-219.

populism and the #RadicalRight A. Lavizzari and A. L. P. Pirro. “The Gender Politics of Populist Parties in Southern Europe”. In: West European Politics 0.0 (2023), pp. 1-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2023.2246110.

R. Kwon, W. J. Scarborough, and C. Taylor. “Multidimensional Attitudes. Homonationalist and Selective Tolerance Toward Homosexuality and Muslim Migration Across 21 Countries”. In: Ethnicities 23.2 (2023), pp. 331-366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14687968221078345.

religion, culture and the #RadicalRight K. Papastathis. “Religious Discourse and Radical Right Politics in Contemporary Greece, 2010-2014”. In: Politics, Religion & Ideology 16.2-3 (2015), pp. 218-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2015.1077705.

H. V. Milner. “Voting for Populism in Europe: Globalization, Technological Change, and the Extreme Right”. In: Comparative Political Studies 54.13 (2021), pp. 2286-2320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414021997175.

Are you interested in the #RadicalRight in Denmark and Germany? → L. P. Santoso. “From Collaboration to Convergence: Nativist Attitudes Among Non-Radical Right Supporters”. In: European Journal of Political Research online first (2025). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12754.

Are you interested in subnational conditions? → J. Rydgren and P. Ruth. “Contextual Explanations of Radical Right-Wing Support in Sweden: Socioeconomic Marginalization, Group Threat, and the Halo Effect”. In: Ethnic and Racial Studies 36.4 (2013), pp. 711-728.

Russia and the #RadicalRight A. Fagerholm. “Far Left and Far Right Party Reactions to Russia's Invasion Of Ukraine”. In: West European Politics 48.4 (2025), pp. 793-819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2024.2335455.

Are you interested in the #RadicalRight in the Netherlands? → D. Bischof and M. Wagner. “Do Voters Polarize When Radical Parties Enter Parliament?” In: American Journal of Political Science 63.4 (2019), pp. 888-904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12449.

J. Schwörer and B. Fernández-García. “Understanding and Explaining Populist Radical Right Parties' Commitment to Animal Welfare in Western Europe”. In: Environmental Politics online first (2023), pp. 1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2023.2293435.

Serbia and Croatia and the #RadicalRight V. Stojarová. “The extreme right in Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia”. In: Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe. From Local to Transnational. Ed. by A. Mammone, E. Godin and B. Jenkins. London and others: Routledge, 2012,

the media: M. Weisskircher and S. Volk. “The People Against the Sun? Ideology and Strategy in Far-Right Parties' Climate Obstruction of Solar Energy”. In: Environmental Politics online first (2025), pp. 1-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2025.2458380.

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Are you interested in the #LPF? J. J. van Holsteyn, G. A. Irwin, and J. M. den Ridder. “In the Eye of the Beholder: The Perception of the List Pim Fortuyn and the Parliamentary Elections of May 2002”. In: Acta Politica 38 (2003), pp. 69-87.

Published in 2023: M. Kleinert. “Parliamentary Status and Drivers of Sympathy for the Radical Right”. In: Swiss Political Science Review online first (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12591.

Follow me for other chapters and books on the Extreme Right in Europe

Are you interested in the #RadicalRight in the Netherlands? → I. Hendriks, M. Lubbers, and P. Scheepers. “A Panel Study of Attitudes toward Ethnic Minorities and the Role of Changes in Individuals' Economic Situations”. In: International Journal of Public Opinion Research 34.1

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T. F. Pettigrew. “Social Evaluation Theory. Convergencies and Applications”. In: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Ed. by D. Levine. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1967.

Are you interested in populism? → T. Cremer. “Nations Under God: How Church-State Relations Shape Christian Responses To Right-Wing Populism in Germany and the United States”. In: Religions 12.4 (2021), p. 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12040254.

Want to know more about the #AfD? K. Umansky, S. Itai, and U. Kohler. “Business as Usual in the Face of the Populist Challenge? The AfD's Entry Strategy and Mainstream Parties' Responses to It”. In: German Politics online first (2025), pp. 1-25.

R. Wodak. “The Radical Right and Antisemitism”. In: The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. Ed. by J. Rydgren. Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 61-85.

Hot off the press: F. G. Neuner, Z. Kirill, C. S. Bruno, et al. “Comparing Revealed and Expressed Populism: The Case of Voting For The 'Alternative Für Deutschland' and 'Die Linke'”. In: German Politics online first (2025), pp. 1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2025.2483225.

Want to include you own research? Check out the bibliography at https://www.kai-arzheimer.com/extreme-right-western-europe-bibliography, DM @kai_arzheimer

Published last year: A. Küppers. “'Climate-Soviets,' 'Alarmism,' and 'Eco-Dictatorship': The Framing Of Climate Change Scepticism by the Populist Radical Right Alternative for Germany”. In: German Politics 33.1 (2024), pp. 1-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2022.2056596.

T. Immerzeel, M. Lubbers, and H. Coffé. “Competing With the Radical Right”. In: Party Politics 22.6 (2016), pp. 823-834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068814567975.

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group conflict and the #RadicalRight J. Vanagt, K. Praprotnik, L. Russo, et al. “Affective Polarization Among Radical-Right Supporters: Dislike Differentiation and Democratic Support”. In: Politics and Governance 12.nil (2024), p. nil. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.8531.

E. Kestilä-Kekkonen and P. Söderlund. “Political Trust, Individual-level Characteristics and Institutional Performance: Evidence From Finland, 2004-13”. In: Scandinavian Political Studies 39.2 (2016), pp. 138-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.12052.

Want to know more about the #AfD? B. Höhne, J. Kölzer, and H. Träger. “Geography of Shrinkage: Local Population Decline and Electoral Support for the Anti-Establishment Parties AfD and BSW in East German State Elections”. In: German Politics online first (2025), pp. 1-29.

populism and the #RadicalRight K. Arzheimer. “Don't Mention the War! How Populist Right-wing Radicalism Became (almost) Normal in Germany”. In: Journal of Common Market Studies 57.S1 (2019), pp. 90-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12920.

euroscepticism: G. Falkner and G. Plattner. “EU Policies and Populist Radical Right Parties' Programmatic Claims: Foreign Policy, Anti-Discrimination and the Single Market”. In: JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 58.3 (2020), pp. 723-739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12963.