21 July 1897 The National Gallery of British Art was founded. In 1932, it was renamed the Tate Gallery after the sugar magnate Henry Tate, head of sugar manufacturer Tate & Lyle, who was its major financial benefactor. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1944 At 1am Adolf Hitler in a live radio broadcast confirmed that he had survived an assassination attempt by Claus von Stauffenberg and a “small clique of “irresponsible” and “criminally stupid officers who have formed a plot to eliminate me”. #WW2 #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1994 Tony Blair became the new Leader of the Labour Party following the unexpected death of John Smith on 12 May 1994. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 2007 The seventh and final book in the Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows by JK Rowling, was released. It features the final confrontation between the wizards Harry Potter and Lord Voldemort. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 2013 Chris Froome won the 100th Tour De France. He had finished runner-up in the previous year and became hot favourite to win the 2013 race after the reigning champion Bradley Wiggins decided not to defend his title because of injury problems. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 2023 The Barbenheimer phenomenon begins as two major motion pictures, Barbie and Oppenheimer, are released on the same day and audiences, instead of creating a rivalry between the extremely dissimilar films, instead attend and praise both as an informal, surreal double feature #History

21 July 2011 NASA's Space Shuttle program ends with the landing of Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-135 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1983 The world's lowest temperature in an inhabited location is recorded at Vostok Station, Antarctica at −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1976 Christopher Ewart-Biggs, the British ambassador to the Republic of Ireland, is assassinated by the Provisional IRA. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1972 The Provisional IRA detonate 22 bombs in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom in the space of 80 minutes, killing nine and injuring 130. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1970 After 11 years of construction, the Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1960 Sirimavo Bandaranaike is sworn in as prime minister of Ceylon, becoming the world's first democratically elected female head of government. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1944 Claus von Stauffenberg and four fellow conspirators are executed for the July 20 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1944 Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam, starting a battle that will end on August 10. #WW2 #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1925 Malcolm Campbell becomes the first man to exceed 150 mph (241 km/h) on land. At Pendine Sands in Wales, he drives Sunbeam 350HP built by Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of 150.33 mph (242 km/h) #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1920 The "Belfast Pogrom" begins two years of violence with the expulsion of thousands of Catholic shipyard, factory and linen mill workers from their jobs #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1907 The passenger steamer SS Columbia sinks after colliding with the steam schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California, killing 88 people. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1904 Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the 100 mph (161 km/h) barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter Gobron-Brillié in Ostend, Belgium. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1873 At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1865 In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first western showdown. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1861 The First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1832 The signing of the treaty of Constantinople between Britain, France, Russia and the Ottoman Empire, which outlines the borders of the new kingdom of Greece. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1831 The Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium, first king of the Belgians. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1798 Napoleon's forces defeat an Ottoman-Mamluk army near Cairo in the Battle of the Pyramids #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1774 Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ending the war. It is the first time that an Ottoman ruler surrendered territory largely populated by Muslims and the first time that a separation of secular and spiritual authority in the Ottoman Empire was established

21 July 1718 The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1656 The Raid on Málaga takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1645 The Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1545 The first landing of French troops on the coast of the Isle of Wight during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1403 The Battle of Shrewsbury: King Henry IV of England defeats rebels to the north of the county town of Shropshire, England. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1242 The Battle of Taillebourg: Louis IX of France puts an end to the revolt of his vassals Henry III of England and Hugh X of Lusignan. #History #HistoryMatters

28 July 905 King Berengar I of Italy and a hired Hungarian army defeat the Frankish forces at Verona. King Louis III is captured and blinded for breaking his oath #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 230 Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the first pope to resign his office. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 356 BC The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1915 Private John Bayne (3/3694) 2 Bn Black Watch and former @brentfordfc.com and @raithroversfc.bsky.social player was killed in action and buried in Saint Vaast Post Military Cemetery #WW1 #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1918 Private Norman Pinkertn (32609) 1 Garrison Bn Lincolnshire Regiment died of wounds and was buried in Lebong Cemetery. Norman is also remembered on the Bramhall War Memorial #WW1 #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1918 Corporal Arthur Thomason (19979) 14 Bn The King's (Liverpool Regiment) died of wounds and was buried in Kirechkoi-Hortakoi Military Cemetery. Arthur is also remembered inside the Stockport War Memorial #WW1 #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1916 Gunner Frederick Walton Golightly (596) South African Heavy Artillery was killed in action and was buried in Authuile Military Cemetery. Frederick is also remembered at Worcester College, Oxford. #WW1 #History #HistoryMatters

21 July 1917 Private William Bloomfield (26720) 10 Bn Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) was killed in action and has no known grave and is commemorated on the Menin Gate. William is also remembered inside the Stockport War Memorial #WW1 #History #HistoryMatters

A 19th-century battle-axe from Iran. Steel, gold, and silver. Part of the Caravana Collection. #History #HistoryMatters

The lost art of the Mixed tape. #History #HistoryMatters

Irish harp from 1820 #History #HistoryMatters

An Egyptian statue depicting Kaaper the chief lector priest. Made from sycamore wood, the eyes are inlaid; the rim is made from copper, the white is opaque quartz and the cornea is rock crystal. circa 2494-2345 BC From the Saqqara necropolis. Egyptian Museum, Cairo. #History #HistoryMatters

A 2,000-year-old sapphire ring belonging to the Roman Emperor Caligula, depicting his wife Caesonia. #History #HistoryMatters

John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John on the set of Grease, 1978. #History #HistoryMatters

ARETHA FRANKLIN Photo from the iconic 1980 Blues Brothers movie. #History #HistoryMatters

The cast of The Breakfast Club 40th anniversary reunion, 12 April 2025. #History #HistoryMatters

1971 Priests mingle with hippies at the Glastonbury Festival #History #HistoryMatters

A great geological fun fact is that the Scottish Highlands, the Appalachians, and the Atlas are the same mountain range, once connected as the Central Pangean Mountains. #History #HistoryMatters

The zweihänder sword that belonged to Grutte Pier (1480-1520), a Friesian pirate and warlord. #History #HistoryMatters