This volume examines SARS-CoV-2's impact on the nervous system, focusing on neuro-COVID and Long COVID. It details neurological damage mechanisms, links to neurodegenerative diseases, and explores biomarkers and therapies.

SARS-CoV-2 infection poses documented risks to male and female fertility and can lead to severe pregnancy complications. In contrast, evidence shows mRNA vaccines are safe for fertility and effectively protect both mother and child. gemini.google.com/share/ab0cda...

COVID-19 can temporarily disrupt reproductive health in men and women through systemic inflammation and hormonal shifts. While the effects on fertility are often reversible, recovery can be aided by antioxidant therapies. gemini.google.com/share/0beade...

COVID-19 can temporarily disrupt reproductive health in men and women through inflammation and hormonal imbalance. A proposed biomarker panel can assess the impact, as effects on fertility often appear to be temporary and reversible. gemini.google.com/share/c8dd45...

Long COVID's chronic inflammation disrupts the reproductive system, causing significant menstrual irregularities for over half of affected women. This relationship is bidirectional, as hormonal fluctuations during the cycle can in turn worsen Long COVID. gemini.google.com/share/5a9765...

Maternal COVID-19 can cause systemic inflammation that damages the placenta by impairing blood flow and causing clots. This injury can lead to adverse fetal outcomes and may increase the child's long-term risk of neurodevelopmental diagnoses. gemini.google.com/share/5623c5...

COVID-19 can temporarily disrupt male and female fertility, affecting sperm quality and menstrual cycles. However, the impact is not long-term, with most individuals seeing a full recovery and return to baseline within 3 to 6 months. gemini.google.com/share/f4523f...

Morning stiffness is caused by reduced blood flow and low oxygen in tissues during sleep. It is a debilitating symptom in RA, Long COVID, and ME/CFS. gemini.google.com/share/946112...

Go meet it.

COVID-19's inflammatory response can disrupt the HPG axis, the system that regulates reproductive hormones. This suppression can lead to significant menstrual irregularities, hormonal imbalances, and potential long-term fertility challenges. gemini.google.com/share/94a947...

SARS-CoV-2 can temporarily impact female ovarian health through direct viral interaction and systemic inflammation. This may lead to transient menstrual disruptions and a temporary decline in ovarian reserve markers. g.co/gemini/share...

COVID-19 can negatively impact male fertility through direct viral attacks, inflammation, high fever, and vascular damage. These factors combine to disrupt sperm and hormone production, leading to a potential decline in fertility markers. gemini.google.com/share/a7fca8...

I'm all shook up.

This volume explores SARS-CoV-2’s entry, immune response, and systemic effects like coagulopathy and vasculitis. It also examines diverse symptoms and Long COVID mechanisms, including viral persistence, inflammation, and autoimmunity.

The prevalence of COVID-19 skin rashes decreased as the virus evolved from the Delta to the Omicron variant. Vaccination is the best defense, as it prevents the systemic inflammation that triggers these skin conditions. gemini.google.com/share/d2f34d...

Post-COVID skin issues stem from an overactive immune system or virus-induced blood vessel damage. Treatment is tailored to the cause, ranging from antihistamines for rashes to advanced drugs for vascular or immune problems. gemini.google.com/share/a583ab...

When standard tests are inconclusive, skin biopsies can diagnose Long COVID by revealing its underlying causes. This analysis identifies persistent viral particles, inflammation, and micro-clots to provide a diagnosis and guide targeted treatment. g.co/gemini/share...

While many COVID-19 rashes like hives are mild, vascular patterns are warning signs for severe internal blood clotting. These lesions signal vessel inflammation that can increase the risk of systemic complications like stroke or heart attack. gemini.google.com/share/6f867c...

The systemic inflammation from COVID-19 accelerates skin aging by breaking down structural proteins like collagen and elastin. This process, called "inflammaging," reduces skin firmness and can cause permanent scarring from severe lesions. gemini.google.com/share/61761a...

SARS-CoV-2 can trigger or worsen autoimmune skin diseases by causing the immune system to lose its ability to recognize itself. This immune confusion & subsequent "cytokine storm" create inflammation that mirrors conditions like lupus & psoriasis. gemini.google.com/share/54dcdb...

Long COVID can trigger immune mast cells to release excess histamine, causing chronic hives, flushing, and itching. This condition, known as MCAS, is managed with antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, and avoiding personal triggers. gemini.google.com/share/87dbdb...

Post-COVID hair loss is a delayed response to the body's intense inflammation during infection. This reaction forces many hair follicles into a synchronized shedding phase, but the hair typically regrows within 6 to 18 months. gemini.google.com/share/20682c...

Tissue hypoxia is proposed as a primary cause of symptoms like PEM, chronic fatigue, and non-restorative sleep. Oxygen therapy, tailored by SpO₂ and %PI, is recommended after diagnostic steps. www.researchgate.net/publication/...

This new volume explores SARS-CoV-2’s entry via ACE2 and TMPRSS2, immune responses including cytokine storms, and systemic effects like coagulopathy and vasculitis. It also examines Long COVID’s causes—viral persistence, inflammation, and autoimmunity.

Morning stiffness and numbness are caused by blood flow stasis and hypoxia from immobility during sleep, especially in conditions like Long COVID, RA, and ME/CFS. Symptoms often improve with movement and worsen with cold. www.researchgate.net/publication/...

SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause peripheral endothelial dysfunction, leading to multi-organ complications in acute COVID-19 and Long COVID. This damage increases the risk of blood clots, impairs blood flow, and contributes to persistent symptoms.

Long COVID likely involves multiple pathophysiologies, requiring symptom-specific biomarker approaches. Evidence supports persistent immune activation, autoimmunity, and viral persistence as underlying mechanisms, aiding in early response. www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

This article links SARS-CoV-2 to mitochondrial dysfunction and neural damage in long COVID patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Viral and mitochondrial proteins in neural exosomes may be biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35285072/

SARS-CoV-2 can cause Long COVID fatigue by damaging muscle mitochondria through direct viral attacks and indirect systemic damage like inflammation. This leads to a cellular energy crisis, resulting in profound fatigue and post-exertional malaise. gemini.google.com/share/8c7e84...

Human coronaviruses cannot replicate in bacteria due to host specificity (lacking ACE2 receptors) and incompatible cellular machinery. Viruses that infect bacteria are called bacteriophages, which are adapted to bacterial systems.

The presence of neural exosomes with SARS-CoV-2 proteins offers strong evidence of viral components persisting in the nervous system. This finding suggests a viral reservoir, contributing to chronic inflammation and neurological symptoms in Long COVID.

At 11-12 months post-SARS-CoV-2, the immune system enters a profound dysregulation, with exhausted T-cells and autoantibodies, shifting from functional response to a chronic, self-attacking state. This indicates the body now has a confused and exhausted immune system.

Neural exosomes containing SARS-CoV-2 proteins offer a key to understanding Long COVID's neurological symptoms. These virus-loaded packages from the nervous system can cause persistent inflammation and damage, acting as a potential diagnostic biomarker.

There are three major post-SARS-CoV-2 biomarker shifts that indicate a transition to long-term immune dysfunction. 1) acute viremia to persistent viral proteins 2) cytokine storm to chronic endothelial damage, 3) emergency immune activation to chronic immune dysregulation.

According to the leading hypothesis, SARS-CoV-2 can linger in the gut long after infection, creating a viral reservoir. This triggers chronic inflammation that leaks into the bloodstream, causing systemic Long COVID symptoms like fatigue and "brain fog." gemini.google.com/share/f6cffe...

FMT may help rebalance gut microbes and ease COVID-19 symptoms, while probiotics and prebiotics support immunity and reduce inflammation. Microbial profiles could also serve as diagnostic tools to identify at-risk individuals & forecast disease severity. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

SARS-CoV-2 antigens persist in the gut long after acute infection, possibly driving chronic inflammation and symptoms. Studies show clearance of gut viral fragments correlates with symptom resolution, suggesting the gut may act as a viral reservoir. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

Persistent gut infection was found in up to 30% of patients months post-infection, with higher rates among diabetics and smokers. Studies show ongoing viral activity in gut tissues up to 2 years after infection, with long-lasting viral RNA and proteins found in intestines.

Studies show SARS-CoV-2 lingers in the gut of Long COVID patients for months, even over a year. Their gut microbiome also differs significantly from those who fully recovered.

This image is a detailed scientific illustration of the SARS-CoV-2 virus embedded within the intricate folds of the human intestinal lining. The intestinal cells are shown with their characteristic brush border of microvilli, and some cells show signs of viral infection.

A key strength of the "Gut-Reservoir/Dysbiosis-Driven Systemic Inflammation" framework for Long COVID is that it generates specific, falsifiable predictions that can be rigorously tested through clinical and translational research. The primary predictions are as follows:

Recent studies show SARS-CoV-2 can persist in gut tissues, driving long COVID symptoms through immune activation and barrier dysfunction. This gut viral persistence is one of several mechanisms contributing to the multifactorial nature of long COVID.

Growing evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 persistence in the gut may contribute to long COVID in some individuals by maintaining low-level antigen exposure and chronic immune activation. However, it's not yet proven as the sole cause, with many uncertainties remaining.

Long COVID presents a paradox: a transient infection leading to chronic, multisystemic disease. What's wrong with a "Gut-Reservoir/Dysbiosis-Driven Systemic Inflammation" model, where persistent SARS-CoV-2 in the gut fuels widespread inflammation?

Persistent SARS-CoV-2 in the gut is a leading theory for Long COVID, triggering chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and gut microbiome disruption. This can lead to widespread symptoms, and research supports the role of viral remnants in the GI tract.

I'm shifting the strategy of my book series project. Here's what's going on.

Here's a new vision for my book series. No longer will it be a jumbo survey of what Covid does to the 10 organ systems. Now it will be a vehicle for presenting my thesis that Long COVID is caused by "Gut-Reservoir/Dysbiosis-Driven Systemic Inflammation". www.amazon.com/dp/B0FR7B2S1T

COVID-19 is a systemic disease significantly impacting the endocrine system, causing new-onset diabetes & gland dysfunction due to viral entry receptor expression. Hormonal pathways & immunity further contribute to this vulnerability and lasting effects. gemini.google.com/share/5c075c...

Post-COVID endocrine dysfunction stems from direct viral damage, inflammation, and autoimmunity, leading to conditions like thyroid disease and diabetes. New therapies aim to target these root causes for personalized treatment. gemini.google.com/share/8e5ec1...

After COVID-19’s acute phase, many people develop Long COVID, marked by a wide range of lingering symptoms. Emerging research shows it may quietly disrupt the endocrine system, risking long-term health issues if not properly identified and managed. gemini.google.com/share/435722...