Slooowly coding my way into a greatly simplified yet mostly operational F-16 into my bespoke terrain engine #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

An early implementation of the cloud system in my planetary engine, heavily based on the work by Schneider at Guerrilla Games. Still struggling with performance, stability/jittering issues, etc... #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

Taking a little early morning (clunky) walk #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

Taking a little early morning (clunky) walk #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

New mountain-scale shadow system in my engine. It is a planet-wide horizon visibility bake: every texel on the surface knows how much of the sky is open above it, and that feeds straight into the aerial perspective and sun shading. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

A long road ahead still #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

A long road ahead still #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

I'm adding support for a new channel in my terrain streaming system for vegetation density. I am baking LOD'ed data from Copernicus Global Land Cover (PROBA-V LC100) for tree/shrub/grass cover. No vegeration rendering yet though. 😓

I finally fixed all the cracks at tile boundaries in my terrain engine + I started experimenting with run-time procedural fine detail over the GIS data #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

I finally found some time to try to make sense of and port (~ verbatim) to my Vulkan framework this paper and example code repo: (PB-MPM by Chris Lewin @ EA). I'll try to add dual coupling with rigid solids at some point. #mpm #sim #vulkan #gamedev

I've been fleshing out the subsystems for actors, user input, and Jolt physics integration. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

Taking some clunky baby steps: Better actor vs. terrain collision + Mostly fixed cascaded shadowmaps #indiedev #gamedev #solodev #customengine #procedural #terrain

Getting ready to drop some non-procedural geometry in the terrain engine. 💥 #indiedev #gamedev #solodev #customengine #procedural #terrain

Starting to add physics to the terrain! Dropping massive 500m spheres and watching them roll down the mountains 🏀 #indiedev #gamedev #solodev #customengine #procedural #terrain

Beyond GIS elevation data limits, procedural detail is added on the GPU. Elevation bounds for culling (yellow boxes) and tile heightfields for physics use async GPU read-back. Still experimental! #indiedev #gamedev #solodev #customengine #procedural #terrain

A new elevation cache (leveraging the same systems as the render tiles cache) will be used to cook heightfields for the physics system. Actors (like the camera) read-back tiles from the GPU in their vicinity at a specific LOD level. #solodev #indiedev #gamedev #customengine #procedural #terrain

Ocean waves swell in Z, intersecting terrain in low areas like beaches. I render terrain into the stencil buffer to exclude water from terrain pixels. The first part of the video toggles stencil on/off. #solodev #indiedev #gamedev #procedural #terrain #rendering

First integration of the ocean system into the terrain with aerial perspective 🌊 #solodev #indiedev #gamedev #procedural #terrain #rendering

This is an implementation of what I was talking about in my previous post: A grid in screenspace, clipped to the horizon (conic) of the planet (a sphere) for ocean rendering. 🧵 #solodev #indiedev #gamedev #procedural #terrain #rendering

For planetary ocean rendering I use a screen-space projected grid. The grid starts as a flat mesh in NDC, and each vertex is projected onto the sphere surface. But what about vertices that point at the sky? You need to clip the grid to the horizon. The horizon is a CONIC SECTION. #solodev #gamedev

Waking up in the Grand Canyon 🌅 Still doing optimizations and clean-ups before going back to ocean rendering. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

Here's where I'm at, combining some of the building blocks I've been working on recently: terrain LOD, atmosphere with aerial perspective, starmap, and auto-exposure. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

You wake up in the middle of the night, floating in space. No ground. No walls. Nothing to grab. Just you and the stars... #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

A first something-ocean... Still massive amounts of work to do in terms of appearance, numerical precision at large scale, etc... #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

This is the UV space the ocean waves will be rendered in (100km per tile in the video). Still chasing some planetary-scale numerical precision issues both near the horizon and at close range... #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

Starting work on ocean waves. This is a camera-space grid where each vertex is raycast-projected onto the planet. Quads where at least one vertex misses the sphere are squashed onto the sphere's boundary (blue). #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

I added to my geo data baking system the ability to precompute the [lo..hi] elevation range for each tile to have the ability to do tighter (frustum, skyline, ...) culling in render-time. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

Happy New Year everybody! Wrapping up 2025 and heading into 2026 happy that my terrain system is starting to pan out 🥳 #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

I've been implementing in Vulkan both the LUT precalc and runtime shading from "Precomputed Atmospheric Scattering" by Bruneton/Neyret. What a masterpiece of a paper! 🤯 #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

My planetary-scale engine is finally behaving. Recently I've been battling I/O stutter and cache thrashing. Here's where it's at: #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

Merry Christmas everyone all over the world! 🎄🎅🌍 #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

If you can think of a better approach, let me know! To bake the ~3TB Copernicus DEM dataset into 80GB of mipmap-pyramid tiles, here's what I did 🧵 #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

The GLO-30 Copernicus DEM (ESA) is a global lat-lon mosaic of 360x180 grayscale elevation tiles. Each tile covers 1°×1°, stored as a floating-point TIFF (meters), at 3601×3601 px. The full dataset reaches 1296000x648000 samples worldwide. #indiedev #gamedev #procedural #terrain

Standard vs. "Relaxed" cube-sphere projection on Earth 🌍 1: Classic normalization. Notice the stretching at cube corners. 2: NASA's relaxed formula. Nearly uniform cells everywhere. A little thread on the math 🧵 #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

I am chugging through literal terabytes of topographical info for my terrain system. Re-projecting, mip-mapping, ... I hope to have some pretty stuff to post soon. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

If by "flat" you mean an ellipsoid where the radius along the equator is 6371 km and the radius at the poles is 21 km shorter, then yes. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

Some more progress in my planetary streaming/rendering system. Some technical details below. 👇 #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

Some more infrastructure for planetary-level terrain data streaming & rendering I am working on: "Edge-length"-based (raster) quad-tree splitting + frustum/horizon culling. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #procedural #terrain #rendering

If you fly a plane while maintaining a constant compass heading, you'll trace a STRAIGHT line on a Mercator projection map, but your actual trajectory on the planet will SPIRAL into one of the poles. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #computationalgeometry #topology

This is my spherical terrain streaming demo sourced with a large dataset (200MB: about 1px every 2km) diced into 1-file per region with LZ4 compression and a TOC for fast pull-a-tile-by-its-ID. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #computationalgeometry #topology

I've extended my terrain streaming libraries to the sphere using HEALPix partitioning. Hysteresis radii for CPU/GPU load/activate, per-frame command budgets and sphere subdivision are all configurable. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #computationalgeometry #topology

Playing a little bit more with my new HEALPix framework. I took this 27360x13680 lat-long map from NASA Scientific Visualization Studio. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #computationalgeometry #topology

Just implemented HEALPix (Hierarchical Equal Area isoLatitude Pixelization) which is a very elegant way to subdivide the sphere: 1- Each cell divides into 4 smaller ones. 2- Every cell covers the same solid angle. 3- Cell centers lie on rings of constant latitude. #indiedev #gamedev #geometry

Just implemented metric-aware Delaunay Triangulation on the sphere 🟣 Metric-aware => Every triangle respects the spherical metric, not the Euclidean one. Algorithm described below. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #computationalgeometry #topology

Blue noise on the surface of a sphere. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #computationalgeometry #topology

Extended my topology libs to work on non-Euclidean domains (spherical, toroidal, etc.) by turning mesh edges into geodesics. Below: Bridson's Poisson disk sampling across different domains. #indiedev #gamedev #computergraphics #computationalgeometry #topology

This is a very rough demo of the two libraries I have been working on recently (CartoKit/TerraKit) for terrain generation and for terrain streaming. Now in 3D, using military perspective (tilted ortographic camera). #procgen #gamedev #indiedev #procedural #terrain

I made some upgrades to my terrain streaming system: 1- asymmetric chunks/regions 2- circular vs. rectangular hysteresis zones 3- a "simulation window" that keeps a rect around the camera loaded in a contiguous block (instead of per chunk) of GPU RAM #procgen #terrain #streaming #gamedev #indiedev

Procedural Island Generation Part III is here! 🏝️ Blending of multi-scale noise layers and mountain distance fields will will transform the paint map foundation into beautiful terrain. Read the full post: #procgen #gamedev #indiedev #procedural #terrain

Testing my topology (DCEL/half-edge) library a little bit. Some Conway operators on a polyhedron and Catmull-Clark SubDiv. Simple matcap rendering in the viewport. #indiedev #gamedev #procgen #dcel #halfedge #computationalgeometry #topology