Nice crop of tangelos - soon be ready for family, friends, and the local food bank.

Brief post on Pioneering women in Earth Sci. Marie Stopes, a paleobotanist whose scientific work encompassed ancient & modern flora. Probably better know as a vociferous advocate for women's reproductive rights and eugenicist in post-WWI Britain. www.geological-digressions.com/marie-carmic... ⚒️🧪

Exposure of old sand dunes. Wind, rain, and sea spray-sculpted sandstone, witness to the vagaries of weather. ⚒️🧪

Wind & rain sculpted surface of lee-slope crossbedding in a dune abt 3 m thick. It was part of a Pleistocene coastal dune-barrier system that accumulated when sea levels were significantly lower. The modern expression of the barrier terminates at the entrance to Manukau Harbour, west Auckland 🧪⚒️🌊

Superb winter's day looking at Pleistocene dune deposits; lots of crossbeds, interdune peats, watertable iron pans, liesegang designs, and wind-rain-sea spray sculpted sandstone. Kariotahi, west Auckland 🧪⚒️

Anne Phillips (1803-1862), niece to William Smith (map of England fame) is an enigmatic 19th C figure in English geological science, discovered evidence for Malvern Hills structure that disproved the ideas of more famous gentlemen geologists. ⚒️🧪 www.geological-digressions.com/anne-phillip...

It's Fall in New Zealand. This mushroom growing from a branch cavity provides the perfect and fortuitous platform for a falling Maple leaf

Today, Lesli Wood will present a webinar on deepwater fans & dynamic Caribbean sedimentation. We are also celebrating 6 years of #sedsonline with an exciting announcement!

Reba Masterson’s (1882 – 1969) reputation as the first female petroleum geologist is founded on her fierce independence and determination to succeed in a male-dominated profession. www.geological-digressions.com/reba-byrd-ma... Another entry in Pioneering women in Earth Sciences ⚒️🧪

On a recent trip to Tasmania - MONA (Hobart)- the Museum of Old and New Art. The gallery is excavated in Triassic fluvial sandstone. It's one of the quirkiest galleries I've ever visited. The artistic emphasis is sex, death, & guts. An advertisement advises folk to "... Talk crap about the art."

For International Women's Day and Women's History Month, here's the list of Earth science pioneers I've written about so far (compiled in approximate alphabetical order). Page link: www.geological-digressions.com/how-to-do-fi... ⚒️🧪🌊

Calcite-cemented coastal dunes (aeolianites) etched by wind, rain, and sea spray. The more-or-less vertical tracery formed originally as burrows (excavated by former dune-dwelling critters) and plant roots. Geo age uncertain. Sandy Cape, Western Australia. The head shape reminds me of Eeyore! ⚒️🧪

Some tallish sunflowers - the one at the back is nearly 4 m. Also some quince nearly ready to pick. The tomatoes are climbing through the window. They all got a good soak during the last storm - 253 mm rain in 24 hours.

Some of the nicest, rectangular fracture networks in pebbly mudstone - diamictite (age uncertain but probably middle to late Paleozoic). Friendly Beach, eastern Tasmania. A bit like a block of chocolate where each piece is filled with crunchy pebbles. ⚒️🧪

The list so far of Pioneering Women in Earth Science at this point focused on 18th - early 20th C. In approx order of compilation. Most accounts are brief - but I list as many accessible references as possible. Lots still to write about ⚒️🧪🌊 www.geological-digressions.com/how-to-do-fi...

My contribution to the discussion on SAND. I combine a photo of large dunes masquerading as small dunes, made of Martian sand in the Namibian dune field - oodles of sand but no beach. ⚒️🧪

A casual stroll along the beach. Shark Bay, Western Australia. Also where the Monkey Mia dolphins come in for a feed - usually accompanied by a couple of local pelicans looking for leftovers ⚒️🧪🌊

Limestone Pinnacles near Cervantes, Coral Coast, W Australia. Mostly shelly limestone, perhaps 2-3 million years old (age is uncertain). The karst landscape formed a few 10s of 1000s of years ago. Most <5m high. Temperatures in the mid 30s C in mid-November when we were there. ⚒️🧪

Detached beach ridge at the inactive margin of a small fan delta - the active braided part is on far side. An older dissected delta segment in the background. Large ice polygons across the delta surface. Ellesmere Island. About 600-800 m wide. ⚒️🧪🌊 www.geological-digressions.com/beach-microc...

An easy walk along sea cliffs of Cambrian-Silurian Tumblagooda Sandstone, ~ 450-400 million years old, S of Kalbarri, W Australia. Lots of crossbedding. Ancient river deposits at a time of zero terrestrial vegetation. ⚒️🧪

Mary Somerville - the person for whom the word scientist was coined by William Whewell in his 1834. She was a polymath, an intellectual tour de force at a time when teaching women to read and write let alone think deeply was frowned upon or ignored ⚒️🧪🌊 www.geological-digressions.com/mary-somervi...

Goat I. northern Tasmania. Strongly foliated metamorphic rks. A haven for Small Blue Penguins, nightly raucous partying as they make their way onshore to their nests, with the tide - we had one under our bedroom window!⚒️🧪🌊

Lovely intertidal, northern Tasmanian serpulid worms encrusting a boulder (~60 cm wide). Each marine worm secretes its own tube out of calcium carbonate - tubes 2-3 mm diam. These critters can build extensive communities on rocky shores. ⚒️🧪🌊

Another great hike - Cradle Mountain N Tasmania. Dove Lake ringed by Mesoproterozoic greenschist ~1000-1600 million years old. The skinny horizontal layers are Permian ~250-298 m yrs so an age gap up to 1300 m yrs. Jagged peaks are dolerite that intruded the Permian deposits about 175 m yrs ago ⚒️🧪

Silurian felsic volcaniclastics, or if you prefer nice sea-worn bedrock, eastern Tasmania. Some of the most colourful lichen I've ever seen - this stuff is vivid. Can see it along much of NE Tasmania above high tide notably on the aptly-named Bay of Fires that we didn't get to but this will do ⚒️🧪

An excellent 12 km hike across Devonian syeno-granite - granodiorite intrusives, with a stop at Winglass Bay, Tasmania. 1 wallaby, 1 bird-eating snake (up a tree), lots of quartz-feldspar sand, and stiff 75 year-old knees ⚒️🧪

Hutt Lagoon W Aust on a dull day - pink hues are subdued ~14 km long & separated from the ocean by a sand barrier. Lake level is a few m bsl so sufficient hydraulic drive for sea water flow. It's hypersaline -halite precipitates along the shore. The colour caused by beta-carotene producing algae ⚒️🧪🌊

Shark Bay (W Aust) in Nov is warm- 30ish C but the rewards... Here, extensive sea grass meadows at Monkey Mia (the dark bands) feeding grounds for dugongs, rays, turtles, & nurseries for invertebrates, fish, all attracting sharks, dolphins, and seabirds incl pelicans & emu that wander the shore ⚒️🧪🌊

Lives cut short by whatever means always leave us wondering about lost potential (apart from any other kind of grief). Czechoslovak geologist & mineralogist Ludmila Slávíkova (1890–1943) died aged 53 at the hands of the most brutal regime imaginable ⚒️🧪🌊 www.geological-digressions.com/ludmila-slav...

Hannah Robertson, the little celebrated wife of David Robertson an eminent 19th C Scottish marine biologist, was accomplished in the science of modern seaweeds, conchology & foraminifera. Acknowledgements of her expertise were few #Pioneering #Women www.geological-digressions.com/hanna-robert... ⚒️🧪🌊

Thin section images of glauconitic pellet sand dredged from about 300 m on Chatham Rise, an elongate marine platform extending 1400 km east of South I. NZ. It is underlain by continental crust - a submerged part of Zelandia continent. Includes barnacles, foraminifera & echinoderm plates, spines. ⚒️🧪🌊

Triassic rocks (grey cliffs = sandstone + diabase) thrust over Early-Mid Eocene sandstone (foreground) along Mokka Fiord, Axel Heiberg I. (next door to Ellesmere I, N Canada). The thrust itself (at base of slope) may be through Carboniferous-Permian evaporites (mostly covered by scree). ⚒️🧪

Some delicate actively growing stalactites from Ruakuri Caves, formed in Oligocene limestones. Skinny varieties are probably few decades old; the larger a few centuries. Ruakuri is the Maori name for Two Dogs - refers to early Polynesian canines brought to NZ. On a visit w a couple of grandkids ⚒️🧪

Front-yard spring! A cascade of colour, bird-song, and the odour of dung-spreading from nearby farms. ⚒️🧪😁

Claudine Picardet's (1735-1820) translation of texts for scientists like Karl Scheele, Abraham Werner, Richard Kirwan (phlogiston) & maybe Lavoisier. She enabled and participated in the dissemination of 18th-19th C science to a broad audience. ⚒️🧪 www.geological-digressions.com/claudine-pic...

Weathering patterns in basalt (a boulder lodged in beach sand) where oxidation of iron-bearing minerals (mainly amphiboles and pyroxenes) was controlled by earlier formed orthogonal joints. The dark grey bits are remnant non-altered basalt. Karioi Mt. Raglan, west coast NZ ⚒️🧪

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A post I’ve been putting together for 2 years - the Etymology of Earth Sci Words. So far about 500 terms - the initial goal before clicking the ‘Publish’ tab www.geological-digressions.com/etymology-of... There are >1,000,000 words in the English language So my 500 words is a paltry sample. ⚒️🧪🌊

I've been reluctant to post the 'Glossary of planetary geology' in my website, to the Astro & #planetsci feeds - because I'm an interloper in those fields, an Earth-bound geologist The rationale - I'm fascinated by it all There are 500 entries 🔭 ⚒️ www.geological-digressions.com/glossary-of-...

The 2nd post - Expt Results. The expt is a good eg. of the sophistication now possible with physical, stratigraphic and sedimentologic modeling. Chris Paola, one of the creators of the XES facility, generously provided copies of the images used here.⚒️🧪 www.geological-digressions.com/experimental...

More on geological modeling for students, 2 posts on a scale-independent stratigraphy experiment using the XES facility at St. Anthony Falls Lab, Minnesota U- the 1st model to incorporate variable subsidence 1st post - methods & boundary conditions ⚒️🧪 www.geological-digressions.com/experimental...

Elizabeth Philpot was an important participant in the late 18th and 19th C development of paleontology and geology, a collaborator with Mary Anning, Louis Agassiz, Henry De la Beche, William Buckland, and others. The fish was one of her discoveries ⚒️🧪🌊 www.geological-digressions.com/elizabeth-ph...

Sponge spicules, composed of silica, in thin section. The ornate end structures are used to attach one spicule to another to form an internal skeleton that is flexible enough to sway and bend in flowing water (from Three Kings Islands seafloor, northernmost NZ). ⚒️🧪🌊

Here's a nice Oligocene temperate water limestone photomicrograph from NZ, in PPL, with a glauconite-filled benthic foram, lots of bryozoa, some barnacle plates, echinoderm spines & plates, & the odd bivalve or gastropod fragment, all set in drusy calcite cement. Bar scale is 200 microns. ⚒️🧪🌊

Rocky intertidal life: a tangled web of calcareous serpulid worms (Pomatoceros) draped by the branched brown alga Xiphophora(?) A couple of snails nestling in crevasses (Cominella I think - top-bottom centre), a couple of grazing Paratrophon (left), and lots of small barnacles. Coromandel, NZ ⚒️🧪🌊

Another Pioneering Woman in Earth Science. Charlotte Murchison was an active collaborator and the intellectual equal and force behind her husband Roderick's scientific success. Also a friend of Mary Anning. www.geological-digressions.com/charlotte-mu... ⚒️🧪

Very nice climbing ripples from Gale crater - 305 million km away. Left: Out of phase (type 2) in lower half, In-phase (P) in upper section indicate a change in flow and proportions of suspended sediment load. Right: Type 2 variety. Arrows = flow directions. Credits NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS ⚒️🧪

A look at the sedimentary rocks on Mars that require flowing fluids. Focuses on bedload transport (of loose sediment) to form crossbeds - recognition of these structures provides clues to the former presence of fluids, particularly water. www.geological-digressions.com/evidence-for... ⚒️🧪

The recognition of lithified sediment has fundamental implications for Mars ancient history - the processes require aqueous chemical reactions. Here's a brief account of the criteria used to identify these rocks www.geological-digressions.com/evidence-for... ⚒️🧪

Shore-lead through gypsum-halite crusts on an Atacama - Altiplano salar, northern Chile. Snow in the foreground. Eocene volcanic cone at back. Early summer - the flamingos arrived soon after this was taken. About 4000 m altitude. UV index about 50% higher than at sea level. ⚒️🧪